Abstract
Over the last few decades, different polymers have been employed as materials in membrane preparation for pervaporation (PV) application, which are currently used in the preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ethanol recovery and ethanol dehydration. The ethanol-water and water-ethanol mixtures are, in fact, the most studied PV systems since the bioethanol production is strongly increasing its demand. The present review focuses on the current state of the art and future trends on ethanol purification by using MMMs in PV. A particular emphasis will, therefore, be placed on the enhancement of specific components transport and selectivity through the incorporation of inorganic materials into polymeric membranes, mentioning key principles on suitable filler selection for a synergistic effect toward such separations. In addition, the following topics will be discussed: (i) the generalities of PV, including the theoretical aspects and its role in separation; (ii) a general overview of the methodologies for the preparation of MMMs; and (iii) the most recent findings based on MMMs for both ethanol recovery and ethanol dehydration for better evolution in the field. From the last decade of literature inputs, the poly(vinyl alcohol) has been the most used polymeric matrix targeting ethanol dehydration, while the zeolites have been the most used embedded materials. Today, the latest developments on MMM preparation declare that the future efforts will be directed to the chemical modification of polymeric materials as well as the incorporation of novel fillers or enhancing the existing ones through chemical modification.
About the authors
Roberto Castro-Muñoz has authored over 26 scientific papers in the field of membrane processes, and their application to environmental and food technology. He is currently a PhD student in the framework of Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering (EUDIME) at the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, and University of Zaragoza. His main research activities are oriented toward mixed matrix membranes for gas separation and pervaporation.
Francesco Galiano has authored over 35 scientific papers in the field of membrane science and technology. He has been working as a research fellow at the Institute of Membrane Technology of the National Research Council (ITM-CNR) since 2010. His main research activities are oriented toward the preparation, characterization, and application of polymeric membranes (both in flat and hollow fiber configuration) for water treatment and purification processes.
Vlastimil Fíla has authored over 40 scientific papers in the field of membrane science and technology. He is currently a full-time professor and lecturer at the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague. He is a member of the Czech Society of Chemical Engineering and Czech Chemical Society. His main research activities are oriented toward the mixed matrix membranes for gas separation, mathematical modeling of chemical processes and catalysis.
Enrico Drioli has authored over 700 scientific papers and 18 patents in the field of membrane science and technology. His work has earned him many prestigious awards and recognitions including the Richard Maling Barrer Prize for his outstanding contributions to membrane science and technology from the European Membrane Society. He is currently the coordinator of Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering (EUDIME), which is a consortium of 6 cores and 10 associate leading European research institutions.
Alberto Figoli has authored over 130 scientific papers in the field of membrane science and technology. He is a senior researcher at Institute of Membrane Technology of the National Research Council (ITM-CNR), and a member of the European Membrane Society. He is responsible and involved in various national and international projects. His main research activities are oriented toward the preparation, characterization, and application of polymeric membranes for water treatment, purification processes, and pervaporation.
Acknowledgments
Roberto Castro-Muñoz acknowledges the European Commission – Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) for his PhD scholarship under the program Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering – EUDIME (FPA no. 2011-0014, Edition V, http:/eudime.unical.it). Part of this work was supported by the Operational Program Prague – Competitiveness (CZ.2.16/3.1.00/24501), “National Program of Sustainability” (NPU I LO1613) MSMT-43760/2015, Czech Science Foundation (Grant GACR no. 15-06479S), and financial support from specific university research (IGA 2017, MSMT no. 20-SVV/2017).
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