Previous evidence has shown that vagal nerve activity modulates ventricular arrhythmias in patients and in animal models. However, the effects of direct vagus nerve stimulation on ventricular tachyarrhythmias brought by direct sympathetic nerve stimulation have not been elucidated. In the present study, the effects of electrical stimulation of the left cervical vagus nerve on ventricular tachycardia (VT) which was induced by electrical stimulation of the left ansae subclaviae (LAS) in rabbits were assessed. Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) of the left ventricular endocardium were recorded simultaneously with surface ECG. In 27 rabbits tested, the stimulation of LAS induced VT in 19 rabbits. Polymorphic VT (PVT) was induced in 14 rabbits (PVT group), whereas monomorphic VT (MVT) was induced in 5 rabbits (MVT group). Vagus nerve stimulation during the sympathetically-induced PVT led to a restoration of sinus rhythm in 10 of 14 rabbits, while that during the sympathetically-induced MVT did not restore sinus rhythm in any of the 5 rabbits. Vagus nerve stimulation during the stimulation of LAS, which was of subthreshold intensity for the induction in VT, did not result in an induction of PVT in any of the 14 rabbits in the PVT group, while it induced slow MVT in 3 of 5 rabbits in the MVT group. These results indicate that vagus nerve stimulation preferentially exerts protective antiarrhythmic effects against PVT induced by sympathetic neural stimulation in this model, while it occasionally induces slow MVT under conditions in which sympathetic nerve activity is potentially elevated.