Complications accompanying the recent increase in the application of chronic hemodialysis are presenting problems. In this report, the author attempts to develop the results of clinicopathologic anatomical examinations of 37 post-hemodialytic cases among the pathologic autopsy cases encountered over a period of 16 years. After fixing the materials collected for autopsy, specimens were prepared according to ordinary procedures, and stained by ordinary and specialized techniques. They were then examined by optical and electron microscopy. The ages of the 37 patients ranged from 4 to 83 years, the duration of dialysis from 2 days to 15 years, and the frequency of dialysis ranged from 1 to 2160 times. The reasons for hemodialyses included 29 cases of chronic renal failure and 8 cases of acute renal failure. Clinical diagnoses were kidney-related diseases in 30 of the 37 cases, out of which chronic renal failure accounted for 13, the highest rate, and this was followed by 8 cases of acute renal failure. Clinical causes of 15 deaths were chronic and acute renal failure and these were followed by heart failure and sepsis in that order. Pathologic diagnoses of chronic glomerular nephritis accounted for the highest rate of renal diseases, (5 of 28 cases) . The increase in the dialytic frequency was associated with an increased occurrence of amyloid deposition in various organs. Although a high rate of renal failure is to be expected in hemodialytic therapy, it is important to recognize the influence on the kidney of other internal organs, coupled with complications including amyloid deposition in various organs that is now more commonly seen due to extended duration of therapy. Attention should also be paid to the usefulness of hemodialytic therapy in the prevention and treatment of these complications.