Abstract
A novel, alloy-agnostic, nanofunctionalization process has been utilized to produce metal matrix composites (MMCs) via additive manufacturing, providing new geometric freedom for MMC design. MMCs were produced with the addition of tungsten carbide nanoparticles to commercially available AISMOMg alloy powder. Tungsten carbide was chosen due to the potential for coherent crystallographic phases that were identified utilizing a lattice-matching approach to promote wetting and increase dislocation interactions. Structures were produced with evenly distributed strengthening phases leading to tensile strengths > 385 MPa and a 50% decrease in wear rate over the commercially available AISMOMg alloy at only 1 vol% loading of tungsten carbide.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K.U. Kainer: In Metal Matrix Composites, edited by K.U. Kainer (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, 2006), pp. 1–54.
I.A. Ibrahim, F.A. Mohamed, and E.J. Lavernia: Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites - a review. J. Mater. Sci. 26(5), 1137–1156 (1991).
G. Gonzalez-Doncel and R. Fernandez: Comments on “creep behavior of in situ TiCP/2618 aluminum matrix composite”. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527 (13-14), 3288–3292 (2010).
C.S. Rameshand A. Ahamed: Friction and wear behaviour of cast Al 6063 based in situ metal matrix composites. Wear 271 (9-10), 1928–1939 (2011).
N. Tomac, K. Tannessen, and F.O. Rasch: Machinability of particulate aluminium matrix composites. CIRP Ann. 41(1), 55–58 (1992).
D. Dai and D. Gu: Tailoring surface quality through mass and momentum transfer modeling using a volume of fluid method in selective laser melting of TiC/AISi10Mg powder. Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 88, 95–107 (2015).
A.T. Thomas, R. Parameshwaran, A. Muthukrishnan, and M.A. Kumaran: Development of feeding and stirring mechanisms for stir casting of aluminium matrix composites. Proc. Mater. Sci. 5, 1182–1191 (2014).
H. Ye, X.Y. Liu, and H. Hong: Fabrication of metal matrix composites by metal injection molding -a review. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 200(1–3), 12–24 (2008).
T.M.T. Gofrey, P.S. Goodwin, and C.M. Ward-Close: Titanium particulate metal matrix composites - reinforcement, production methods, and mechanical properties. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2(3), 85–91 (2000).
J. Hashim, L. Looney, and M.S.J. Hashmi: Metal matrix composites: production by the stir casting method. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 92–93, 1–7 (1999).
S. Das, D.L. Bourell, and S.S. Babu: Metallic materials for 3D printing. MRS Bull. 41(10), 729–741 (2016).
J.H. Martin, B.D. Yahata, J.M. Hundley, J.A. Mayer, T.A. Schaedler, and T. M. Pollock: 3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys. Nature 549 (7672), 365–369 (2017).
G. Han, W. Zhang, G. Zhang, Z. Feng, and Y. Wang: High-temperature mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of Al-Si piston alloy reinforced with in situ TiB2 particles. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 633, 161–168 (2015).
P. Xiao, Y. Gao, C. Yang, Z. Liu, Y. Li, and F. Xu: Microstructure, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Mg matrix composites reinforced with in situ nanosized TiB2 particles. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 710, 251–259 (2017).
D. Hull and D.J. Bacon: Introduction to Dislocations, 4th ed. (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, England, 2001), pp. 225, 356, 200–300.
C.W. Nan and D.R. Clarke: The influence of particle size and particle fracture on the elastic/plastic deformation of metal matrix composites. Acta Mater. 44(9), 3801–3811 (1996).
V. Bharath, M. Nagaral, V. Auradi, and S.A. Kori: Preparation of 6061AI-AI2O3 MMC’s by stir casting and evaluation of mechanical and wear properties. Proc. Mater. Sci. 6(lcmpc), 1658–1667 (2014).
D.M. Stefanescu: Science and Engineering of Casting Solidification (Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 2015), pp. 157–194.
R. Acharya, J.A. Sharon, and A. Staroselsky: Prediction of microstructure in laser powder bed fusion process. Acta Mater. 124, 360–371 (2017).
W. Kurz and D.J. Fisher: Fundamentals of Solidification (Trans Tech Publications Ltd., Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland, 1998).
U. Scipioni Bertoli, A.J. Wolfer, M.J. Matthews, J.-P.R. Delplanque, and J. M. Schoenung: On the limitations of volumetric energy density as a design parameter for selective laser melting. Mater. Des. 113, 331–340 (2017).
Y. Ozaki and R.H. Zee: Investigation of thermal and hydrogen effects on emissivity of refractory metals and carbides. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 202 (1–2), 134–141 (1995).
M.J. Matthews, G. Guss, S.A. Khairallah, A.M. Rubenchik, P.J. Depond, and W.E. King: Denudation of metal powder layers in laser powder bed fusion processes. Acta Mater. 114, 33–42 (2016).
CL 30 L/CL 31 AL AIuminum Alloys (Concapt Laser, Hoffmann Innovation Group, 2012), pp. 1–3.
I. Rosenthal, A. Stern, and N. Frage: Microstructure and mechanical properties of AISMOMg parts produced by the laser beam additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. 3(6), 448–453 (2014).
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by HRL Laboratories, LLC, and thank Dana Martin for her artistic contribution to the figures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Supplementary material
Supplementary material
The supplementary material for this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.95
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martin, J.H., Yahata, B.D., Clough, E.C. et al. Additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites via nanofunctionalization. MRS Communications 8, 297–302 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.95
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.95