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Elastic strain engineering of ferroic oxides

  • Elastic Strain Engineering
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Abstract

Using epitaxy and the misfit strain imposed by an underlying substrate, it is possible to elastically strain oxide thin films to percent levels—far beyond where they would crack in bulk. Under such strains, the properties of oxides can be dramatically altered. In this article, we review the use of elastic strain to enhance ferroics, materials containing domains that can be moved through the application of an electric field (ferroelectric), a magnetic field (ferromagnetic), or stress (ferroelastic). We describe examples of transmuting oxides that are neither ferroelectric nor ferromagnetic in their unstrained state into ferroelectrics, ferromagnets, or materials that are both at the same time (multiferroics). Elastic strain can also be used to enhance the properties of known ferroic oxides or to create new tunable microwave dielectrics with performance that rivals that of existing materials. Results show that for thin films of ferroic oxides, elastic strain is a viable alternative to the traditional method of chemical substitution to lower the energy of a desired ground state relative to that of competing ground states to create materials with superior properties.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge our colleagues and collaborators for sharing their insights and helping us to explore and better understand the exciting area of elastically strained ferroic oxide films. We especially thank the groups of E. Arenholz, M. Bedzyk, M.D. Biegalski, D.H.A. Blank, D.A. Bonnell, J.C. Booth, J.D. Brock, L.E. Cross, C.B. Eom, J.W. Freeland, P. Ghosez, P.C. Hammel, M.E. Hawley, E. Johnston-Halperin, S. Kamba, S.W. Kirchoefer, J. Levy, Yulan Li, T.E. Mallouk, J. Mannhart, L.W. Martin, K. Peters, K.M. Rabe, J.M. Rondinelli, P.J. Ryan, P. Schiffer, J. Schubert, N.A. Spaldin, S.K. Streiffer, A.K. Tagantsev, I. Takeuchi, D.A. Tenne, J.-M. Triscone, S. Trolier-McKinstry, D. Vanderbilt, J.C. Woicik, and X.X. Xi. L.Q.C., C.J.F., V.G., X.Q.P., D.G.S., and R.R. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. DMR-0820404. D.G.S. also acknowledges NSF Grant DMR-0948036. R.R. acknowledges sustained support from the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, USA

    Darrell G. Schlom

  2. Millennium Science Complex, Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, USA

    Long-Qing Chen

  3. School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, USA

    Craig J. Fennie

  4. Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, USA

    Venkatraman Gopalan

  5. School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell, USA

    David A. Muller

  6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, USA

    Xiaoqing Pan

  7. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Michigan, USA

    Ramamoorthy Ramesh

  8. Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth, Berlin, Germany

    Reinhard Uecker

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Schlom, D.G., Chen, LQ., Fennie, C.J. et al. Elastic strain engineering of ferroic oxides. MRS Bulletin 39, 118–130 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2014.1

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