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Microstructural Design and Conductivity and Ultrasonic Activation in the Ion Exchange of H3O+ and NH4+ß''-Aluminas

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Abstract

H3O+- and NH4 + -Al2O3 polycrystals have been conductivity-optimised by eliminating metastable grain-boundary phases (NaAlO2 and MgAl2O4) and texturing the microstructure. The grain-boundary conductivity is considerably improved (up to 5x10-5(Ω-cm)-i) from 10-6 (Ω-cm)-l). The dc-field-assisted, H3O+ ion exchange process for K+/Na+-ß''-Al2O3 in HAC has been accelerated by cyclic switching of the dc field (cycle = 3secs) or injecting ultrasonic energy. The former doubles the steady-state ion-exchange current to 12 μA by dispersing the HAC/electrolyte, interfacial, H3O+ polarisation layer. The ion-exchange current-efficiency is not improved from 0.15. The ultrasound (23 MHz) markedly shortens the time to complete ion-exchange (400 hrs.vs. > 700 hrs), more than doubles the final ion-exchange current (360 μA.vs. 150 μA) and improves the ion-exchange current efficiency to 0.24. These results are interpreted in terms of ionic “activation” in the electrolyte. Evidence is presented of a mixed-cation-effect in H3O+-K=-ß''-Al2O3.

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Acknowledgement

This paper summarizes investigations of A. Tan, C.K. Kou and N.D. Patel. The author wishes to acknowledge their contributions.

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  1. Ceramic Engineering Research Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada

    Patrick S. Nicholson

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  1. Patrick S. Nicholson
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Nicholson, P.S. Microstructural Design and Conductivity and Ultrasonic Activation in the Ion Exchange of H3O+ and NH4+ß''-Aluminas. MRS Online Proceedings Library 210, 541–551 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-210-541

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