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Modeling of flash sintering of ionic ceramics

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Abstract

A fundamental understanding of the influence of defects in ionic ceramics at the atomic, microstructural, and macroscopic levels, before, during, and after the flash sintering event is key to the development of ceramic processing operations that lead to fast, low cost, and environmentally safe fabrication of materials. The observed phenomenology of the flash process encompasses multiple time and length scales and has resulted in a wide variety of what sometimes appears to be contradictory explanations. This article summarizes the latest developments on the modeling and simulation of flash sintering, specifically those related to the understanding of the equilibrium and kinetic properties and the corresponding microstructural evolution of ionic ceramics. Challenges and opportunities in the development of theoretical analyses that include unidentified multiphysical effects are discussed, as they pertain to the processing of technologically relevant ceramic materials for advanced structures and devices.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support provided by the US Office of Naval Research (N00014–17–1-2087 [sintering and modeling] and N00014–20–1-2043 [TEM]). R.E.G. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation DMR 1734763. W.R. acknowledges funding from the German Science Foundation (DFG), under priority program “Fields Matter” SPP 1959 (HO 1165/20) and under the Emmy Noether Program (RH 146/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA

    K. S. N. Vikrant

  2. School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

    X. L. Phuah, J. Lund, H. Wang & R. E. García

  3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA

    Han Wang

  4. Center for Computational Materials Science, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA

    C. S. Hellberg

  5. US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA

    N. Bernstein

  6. Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK_1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany

    W. Rheinheimer

  7. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    C. M. Bishop

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  1. K. S. N. Vikrant
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Correspondence to K. S. N. Vikrant.

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Vikrant, K.S.N., Phuah, X.L., Lund, J. et al. Modeling of flash sintering of ionic ceramics. MRS Bulletin 46, 67–75 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-020-00012-0

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