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Spectral simulation and materials design for camouflage textiles coloration against materials of multidimensional combat backgrounds in visible and near infrared spectrums

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Abstract

Visible and near infrared spectra of “sixteen materials for textile coloration/finishing/patterning” such as titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum, tin metal, tin oxide, iron powder, boron carbide, magnesium powder, carbon black pigment, titanium carbide, isolan black 2S LDN, isolan orange, telon blue A 2R, telon red A 2R, telon violet 3R, and telon yellow A 2R; and ‘nine materials of combat backgrounds (CBs) such as dry leaves, green leaves, tree bark-woodland CB; water-marine CB; sand-desertland CB; stone-stoneland CB; snow-snowland CB; sky CB; and ice-iceland CB (DGTWSIB) are obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and colorflex EZ spectrophotometer. A method of ‘Monte Carlo cross validation’ was applied for spectral simulation in visible and near infrared spectrums through experimental data information. The characterized reflection spectra of zero reflection (ZR), low reflection (LR), high reflection (HR), and HR–LR (HLR) materials are coalesced and simulated for camouflage materials design and textile applications against multidimensional CBs, DGTWSIB. The reflections of aluminum, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, tin metal, tin oxide, and iron powder are irradiated as HR materials. Oppositely boron carbide, magnesium powder, carbon black pigment, and titanium carbide are illuminated as LR materials. Consequently, the mixing principle of HR and LR materials are also classified as HLR materials. Spectral properties of CB materials are also depicted as ZR materials against selected CBs. Spectral signal of ZR, LR, HR, and HLR materials are identified as more expedient camouflage materials for concealment of target signature than six selected synthetic dyes such as Isolan Black 2S LDN, Isolan Orange, Telon Blue A 2R, Telon Red A 2R, Telon Violet 3R, and Telon Yellow A 2R. The reflection spectra of ZR, LR, HR, and HLR materials are simulated and correlated against DGTWSIB in visible and NIR spectrums. Simulated spectral signals are considered for camouflage materials design and camouflage textiles formulation against DGTWSIB combat location, the CBs are mostly practiced by defence professional. Furthermore, the reflection principle of camouflage textiles coloration/finishing/patterning has been accumulated under spectral signal of DGTWSIB, camouflage materials and synthetic dyes, synthetic dye–metal and synthetic dye–pigment combination. Therefore, depth analysis and graphical results of ZR, LR, HR, and HLR materials are the potential findings for selection of camouflage materials, right development of camouflage textile products, and camouflage assessment of hyperspectral imaging for defence protection in the entire spectrums of UV–Vis–IR. This optical parameters of ZR, LR, HR, and HLR materials have also applications to the materials community of multidimensional branches of material research.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during this experimentation and simulation are briefly attached with this manuscript as Supporting Information, Figs. 1–46 and Tables 1–6.

Notes

  1. DGTWSIB: dry leaves, green leaves, tree bark-woodland CB; water-marine CB; sand-desertland CB; stone-stoneland CB; snow-snowland CB; sky CB and ice-iceland CB.

  2. Monte Carlo cross validation: ultraviolet and near infrared spectra of chemical compound are recorded to give more than several hundred variables.

  3. ATR: absorption–transmission–reflection.

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Acknowledgments

Author, Md. Anowar Hossain, PhD application ID: 2612540, PhD student ID: 3820066, RMIT University, Australia; Lecturer (study leave), Department of Textile Engineering, City University, Dhaka, Bangladesh acknowledges RMIT University and Australian Government for funding through RTP Stipend Scholarship, 2020–2023. Author acknowledges to ‘Professor Lijing Wang’ and ‘Emeritus Professor Robert Shanks,’ School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University for their supervision and draft review of manuscript.

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  1. School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, 25 Dawson Street, Brunswick, Melbourne, VIC, 3056, Australia

    Md. Anowar Hossain

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Glossary

DGTWSIB

Dry leaves, green leaves, tree bark-woodland CB; water-marine CB; sand-desertland CB; stone-stoneland CB; snow-snowland CB; and ice-iceland CB

Zero reflection

The term ‘zero’ has been hypothetically used when the textile substances are directly treated with CB materials/similar reflection materials; and target signature (textile substances) is compared with same CB for CDRI

CDRI

Concealment, detection, recognition, and identification

ZR

Zero reflection

LR

Low reflection

HR

High reflection

HLR

High reflection and low reflection

ATR

Absorption-transmission-reflection

CB

Combat background

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Hossain, M.A. Spectral simulation and materials design for camouflage textiles coloration against materials of multidimensional combat backgrounds in visible and near infrared spectrums. MRS Communications 13, 306–319 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-023-00344-3

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