초록

Controversies over W. H. Auden’s “political” poetry remind us of an old but perhaps never easily resolved problem about the relationship between poetry (literature) and politics. Auden has arguably been referred to as a “leftist” or “Marxist” because of his political viewpoint registered in “Spain” or “September 1, 1939,” which embodies his contemporaries’ loss and fear, brought by the socio-political turmoil, economic depression, and moral conflicts of the 1930s. Interestingly, however, Auden is known to have an ambivalent position toward the political reality. He once disavowed the above “political” poems as “dishonest” in the preface of the 1966 edition of Collected Poems and declared, “poetry makes nothing happen” in “In Memory of W. B. Yeats,” which seemingly acknowledges the political incapacity of poetry. Auden’s position and poetry should be understood as the result of complicated interactions between his perspectives on society, human beings, and poetics. Auden definitely believed in the role of poetry in such a politically demanding time, yet was not concerned with the anticipation of certain immediate changes effected by poetry in real situations. Instead, he sought the intellectual and moral effects that poetry could give his readers to help them survive the dismal circumstances of the 1930s. This is what distinguished Auden’s poetry from political propaganda. In doing so, Auden’s poetry captures the zeitgeist of his generation and has privileged him as the leading voice of his time, but it has also encouraged the following generations to confront different socio-political difficulties. This is something poetry can make happen politically, and the survival of Auden’s “memorable speech” proves the legitimacy of his frequently misunderstood poetics.

키워드

W. H. 오든, 정치성, 미학, 시학, 1930년대

참고문헌(29)open

  1. [학술지] 김준환 / 2007 / 1930년대 한국에서의 동시대 영국시 수용 / 영어영문학 53 (3) : 443 ~ 476

  2. [단행본] 범대순 / 2005 / W. H. 오든 / 전남대학교출판부

  3. [학술지] 최희섭 / 2007 / 현대영미시연구 수록 논문의 현황과 국내문헌 인용 고찰 / 현대영미시연구 13 (1) : 215 ~ 241

  4. [단행본] Auden, Wystan Hugh / 1991 / Collected Poems: Auden / Vintage

  5. [단행본] Auden, Wystan Hugh / 1988 / The English Auden / Faber and Faber

  6. [단행본] Auden, Wystan Hugh / 1979 / Selected Poems / Faber and Faber

  7. [단행본] Boly, John R. / 2004 / Auden and modern theory in: The Cambridge Companion to W. H. Auden / Cambridge UP : 137 ~ 151

  8. [학술지] Bone, Christopher / 1972 / W. H. Auden in the 1930’s: The Problem of Individual Commitment to Political Action / A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 4 (1) : 3 ~ 11

  9. [단행본] Davenport-Hines, Richard / 2004 / Auden’s life and character in: The Cambridge Companion to W. H. Auden / Cambridge UP : 15 ~ 24

  10. [단행본] Deane, Patrick / 2004 / Auden’s England in: The Cambridge Companion to W. H. Auden / Cambridge UP : 25 ~ 38

  11. [학술지] Firchow, Peter E. / 1977 / Private Faces in Public Places: Auden’s The Orators / PMLA 92 (2) : 253 ~ 272

  12. [단행본] Hoggart, Richard / 1964 / Introduction to Auden’s Poetry in: Auden: A Collection of Critical Essays / Prentice-Hall, Inc. : 105 ~ 124

  13. [단행본] Hoggart, Richard / 1977 / W. H. Auden / Longman Group

  14. [단행본] Hynes, Samuel / 1976 / The Auden Generation: Literature and Politics in England in the 1930s / The Viking Press

  15. [학술지] Hynes, Samuel / 1971 / The Thirties as a Literary Period / Contemporary Literature 12 (1) : 122 ~ 127

  16. [단행본] Lucas, John / 2004 / Auden’s politics: power, authority and the individual in: The Cambridge Companion to W. H. Auden / Cambridge UP : 152 ~ 164

  17. [단행본] Mendelson, Edward / 1979 / Preface. Selected Poems / Faber and Faber : ix ~ xxi

  18. [단행본] Nelson, Cary / 1991 / Repression And Recovery: Modern American Poetry & Politics Of Cultural Memory / U of Wisconsin P

  19. [인터넷자료] Orwell, George / Inside the Whale. Pt. 2. 21 Jan. 2009

  20. [학술지] Replogle, Justin / 1964 / The Auden Group / Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature 5 (2) : 133 ~ 150

  21. [학술지] Replogle, Justin / Auden’s Marxism / PMLA 80 (5) : 584 ~ 595

  22. [학술지] Smith, Stan / 2006 / From ‘Class against Class’ to the Hitler-Stalin Pact: Some Reflections on the Unwavering Line / EREA 4 (2) : 3 ~ 16

  23. [단행본] Smith, Stan / 2004 / Introduction in: The Cambridge Companion to W. H. Auden / Cambridge UP : 1 ~ 14

  24. [단행본] Smith, Stan / 1985 / W. H. Auden / Basil Blackwell

  25. [학술지] Spender, Stephen / 1977 / W. H. Auden and the 1930’s / 영어영문학 64 : 3 ~ 13

  26. [단행본] Spender, Stephen / 1964 / W. H. Auden and His Poetry in: Auden: A Collection of Critical Essays / Prentice-Hall, Inc. : 26 ~ 38

  27. [단행본] Strong, Beret E. / 1997 / Poetic Avant-Garde: The Groups of Borges, Auden, and Breton / Northwestern UP

  28. [단행본] Summers, Claude J. / 1993 / American Auden in: The Columbia History of American Poetry / Columbia UP : 506 ~ 533

  29. [단행본] Thurston, Michael / 2001 / Making Something Happen: American Political Poetry between the World Wars / U of North Carolina P