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Commodités familiales et santé des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Haïti

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Résumé

OBJECTIFS: Évaluer le rôle des commodités familiales dans l’occurrence de la diarrhée chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans en Haïti, selon leur type (eau potable, toilettes et réfrigérateur) et leur nombre.

MÉTHODE: Nous avons mis en commun les données de quatre Enquêtes démographiques et de santé réalisées en Haïti entre 1994–1995 et 2012. Nous avons retenu un échantillon de 14 481 enfants de 1–59 mois. Nous avons évalué le rôle des commodités familiales dans l’occurrence de la diarrhée selon le groupe d’âge d’enfants à risque (1–5; 6–11; 12–23; 24–59 mois), au moyen des modèles de régression logistique.

RÉSULTATS: La prévalence de la diarrhée chez les enfants de 1–59 mois en Haïti est estimée à 29,31 %. Elle atteint 42,14 % chez les enfants de 6–11 mois. Elle est plus faible pour les enfants dont les familles ont accès à une eau potable améliorée, des toilettes améliorées ou un réfrigérateur. Elle est d’autant plus faible que les familles possèdent au moins deux commodités simultanément. Nous ne trouvons pas de différences significatives dans l’occurrence de la diarrhée infanto-juvénile selon l’accès à l’eau potable (p < 0,10). Prenant en compte l’effet de période, une occurrence réduite de la diarrhée est significativement associée aux toilettes améliorées chez les enfants de 24–59 mois (RC: 0,62; p < 0,05) et au réfrigérateur chez les 6–11 mois (RC: 0,11; p < 0,05). Pour le nombre de commodités, seuls les 24–59 mois ayant au moins deux commodités ont une occurrence de la diarrhée statistiquement inférieure de celle des plus défavorisés (RC: 0,45; p < 0,05).

CONCLUSION: Augmenter l’accès aux commodités familiales et leur nombre par ménage demeure essentiel dans la lutte contre la diarrhée en Haïti. Une intervention intégrée serait donc à préconiser dans l’environnement sociosanitaire haïtien.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the role family commodities play in the occurrence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in Haiti, based on type (drinking water, sanitation and refrigerator) and number of commodities.

METHODS: We pool data from four Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Haiti between 1 994 and 2012. Our study population is composed of 14 481 children aged 1–59 months. We evaluate the role that family commodities play in the occurrence of diarrhoea in at-risk children by age group (1–5; 6–11; 12–23; 24–59 months) using logistic regression models.

RESULTS: In Haiti, diarrhoeal prevalence in children 1–59 months is estimated at 29.31%. It reaches 42.14% in children 6–11 months. Prevalence is lower in children whose families have access to improved drinking water, improved sanitation facilities or a refrigerator. It is lowest when families have at least two of the commodities simultaneously. We do not find a statistically significant difference in occurrence of childhood diarrhoea with regard to access to improved drinking water (p < 0.10). Accounting for period effect, a reduced occurrence of diarrhoea is significantly associated with improved sanitation facilities in children 24–59 months (OR: 0.62; p < 0.05) and with owning a refrigerator in children 6–11 months (OR: 0.11; p < 0.05). Children aged 24–59 months with two or more commodities have a prevalence of diarrhoea that is statistically lower than that of their disadvantaged counterparts (OR: 0.45; p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Increasing access to family commodities and the number of these commodities remains essential in the fight against childhood diarrhoeal disease in Haiti. Integrated interventions are thus highly recommended in the socio-sanitary environment of Haiti.

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Correspondence to Isabelle Roy M.Sc..

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Roy, I., Defo, B.K. Commodités familiales et santé des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Haïti. Can J Public Health 108, e586–e597 (2017). https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.108.5921

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