사회학 이론의 중요한 과제 가운데 하나는 사회의 영향에 의한 개인의 행위,사회의 영향에 대한 개인의 반응을 설명하는 것이다. 그러나 지금까지 사회학 이론가들은 사회의 영향을 “도덕적인 것”이나 “비도덕적인 것” 어느 하나만을 사회의영향으로 설명하여 왔고, 사회의 영향에 대한 개인의 반응을 “비판․창조의 동기”이나 “일탈․충동의 동기” 어느 하나만을 사회의 영향에 대한 개인의 반응으로 설명하여 왔다.
이 논문에서는 사회의 영향을 도덕적인 것만으로 다루는 사회학 이론을 사회규범론으로, 비도덕적인 것만으로 다루는 사회학 이론을 사회 압력론으로 구분을시도하였다. 그리고 이 두 이론가군은 각각 자신들이 다루고 있는 사회의 영향 이외의 다른 사회의 영향을 사회의 영향으로 인정하지 않고 있고 그것은 각 이론이부분적 적합성만을 확보하고 있다는 사실을 지적하고 있다.
또한 이 논문에서는 사회의 영향에 의한 개인의 행위에 대한 종합적인 설명을위해서는 사회의 영향의 두 가지, “도덕적인 것”과 “비도덕적인 것” 그리고 사회의영향에 대한 개인의 반응의 두 가지, “비판·창조의 동기”와 “일탈·충동의 동기”는모두 사회의 영향에 의한 개인의 행위를 설명하는 요소로 통합되어야 할 필요성이있다는 사실을 논증하고 있다.
An important task of the sociological theory is to explain the social actions,which are affected by the society and the response of the individual for the social effect. This paper tried to classify the social effect in two, the social norm and the social pressure. And this paper tried to classify the response of the individual for the social effect in two, the critical & creative and the deviant & impulsive. Most sociological theorists explain only one social effect either the social norm or the social pressure. They don't explain the other side of social effect. And most sociological theorists explain only one response of the individual for the social effect, the critical & creative and the deviant & impulsive. They don't explain the other side of the response of the individual for the social effect. Therefore, sociological theories have failed to explain the social actions more completely. This paper attempts to integrate social norm and social pressure in explaining social actions. On the base of the theory of social action from The Rules of Sociological Methods by Emile Durkheim, I especially tried to prove that “the social fact” is formed not only by the moral, but also by the unmoral, or both by social norm and social pressure. “The social fact”, which is composed of not only by the social norm, but also the social pressure, are the collective power which forces individuals to act in a certain way. Even if Durkheim applies the collective power only to social norm, I expanded the concept to explain that social pressure is also another type of the collective power.
An important task of the sociological theory is to explain the social actions,which are affected by the society and the response of the individual for the social effect. This paper tried to classify the social effect in two, the social norm and the social pressure. And this paper tried to classify the response of the individual for the social effect in two, the critical & creative and the deviant & impulsive. Most sociological theorists explain only one social effect either the social norm or the social pressure. They don't explain the other side of social effect. And most sociological theorists explain only one response of the individual for the social effect, the critical & creative and the deviant & impulsive. They don't explain the other side of the response of the individual for the social effect. Therefore, sociological theories have failed to explain the social actions more completely. This paper attempts to integrate social norm and social pressure in explaining social actions. On the base of the theory of social action from The Rules of Sociological Methods by Emile Durkheim, I especially tried to prove that “the social fact” is formed not only by the moral, but also by the unmoral, or both by social norm and social pressure. “The social fact”, which is composed of not only by the social norm, but also the social pressure, are the collective power which forces individuals to act in a certain way. Even if Durkheim applies the collective power only to social norm, I expanded the concept to explain that social pressure is also another type of the collective power.
