국가안보는 주권국가가 지향하는 이념이나 가치의 전제조건이다. 그동안 정권교체기마다 국가 정보체계와 수사체계에 대한 개혁논의가 있었다. 청와대에 국가안보실을 설치하기로 한 박근혜 새 정부에서도 마찬가지이다. 하지만 국가안보의 실제 경험이나 마크 M.로웬탈을 비롯한 정보학자들의 한결같은 대답은 최고 권부(權府)에 국가안보 사령탑을 두는 것에 대해 부정적이다. 정당주의의 원칙상 대통령과 함께하는 최고 권부는 정권보좌 조직이지 영속적인 조직이 되기는 어렵다는 점과, 국가안보는 사무실이 아니라 “거리를 장악(own the street)”하는 것에 있기 때문이라는 이유이다. 독립한 국가안보 체계를 구축하는 것이 중요한 것으로서, 국가정보 공유의 중심처가 되는 가칭 국가안보총국의 창설이 필요하다. 그 출발점은 해외정보와 국내정보의 분리이다. 국가정보원은 북한을 포함한 최강의 해외정보기구로 남고, 분리된 국내정보는 경찰, 검찰의 수사권과 융합하여 방첩정보 수사기구를 창설하는 것이 필요하다. 검찰과 경찰의 수사권 조정이나 대검찰청 중앙수사부를 대체하여 고위공직자비리수사처를 신설하는 것은 기존 치안력의 자리 옮김일 뿐이다.
대한민국 국가안보 체계에 대한 개편의 종합적인 방향은, 제도적으로는 정권을 초월하여 객관적으로 작동할 국가안보 사령탑의 창설, 기능론적으로는 초국가적 안보위협세력에 대해 한발 앞선 대처가 가능한, 경량화ㆍ기동화된 정보기구화와 종합적인 방첩ㆍ정보수사기구의 창설, 통제론적으로는 정보공동체에 대한 합리적이고 실질적인 감독과 통제 체제의 구축, 능률과 사명적 관점에서는 직원 사기 진작책과 민간 정보 분야 활성화를 도모하는 것이다. 그것은 국가안보 체계가 한시적인 정권의 조직이 아닌 국가 그리고 국민의 안보기구가 되는 것을 의미하는 것이고, 구체적으로는 법치주의와 민주주의의 이념 하에 국가안보의 확립을 위하여 효율적이고 민주적으로 기능하는 국가안보 체계로의 혁신을 도모하는 것을 의미한다.
이에 본고는 초국가적안보위협세력이라는 변모된 국가안보 환경에서, 국ㆍ내외를 초월한 범죄가 발생한 경우에 과연 현재의 국가 수사력으로 대처할 수 있는지에 의문을 제시하면서, 국가정보력과 융합한 국가수사력의 재편방향을, 단순하게 경찰과 검찰의 역할 분담에서가 아니라, 국가안보 체제의 구축이라는 차원에서 외국의 실제 사례를 바탕으로 법 정책적 연구를 도모했다.
The horrible disaster of September 11th 2001 has greatly shown the direness of international terrorism as a new supranational security threats even after the end of the cold war era. Because of it's awful threats to the national security and interests to the United States, less than 12 hours after the attacks, former President George W. Bush proclaimed the start of the global war on terror. Also immediately after the terror attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation started PENTTBOM, the largest criminal inquiry in the history of the United States, and was quickly able to identify the hijackers, evidence linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the attacks. And the national 9/11 Commission as an independent bipartisan group, was formed in late 2002 to prepare a thorough account of the circumstances surrounding the 9/11 attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks, and examined how security and intelligence agencies were inadequately coordinated to prevent the attacks. On July 22, 2004, the Commission issued the 9/11 Commission Report which concluded that new national security system is requested for the safe country at a changing environment. The commissioners explained, “We believe the 9/11 attacks revealed four kinds of failures: in imagination, policy, capabilities, and management”. The 9/11 commission made numerous recommendations on how to prevent future attacks. As one of the close friend who is following the foreign policies of the United States, the Republic of Korea is not safe from international terrorism too. New crimes are asking new policy and agency like the FBI of the U.S.A and SOCA of the United Kingdom. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a governmental agency belonging to the United States Department of Justice that serves as both a federal criminal investigative body and an internal intelligence agency. Currently, the FBI's top investigative priorities are: Protect the United States from terrorist attacks; Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage; Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes; Combat transnational criminal organizations and enterprises; Combat major white-collar crime; Combat significant violent crime. The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. Comparing to the FBI, as the British style FBI, the Serious Organised Crime Agency(SOCA) was formed on 1 April 2006 following a merger of the National Crime Squad, the National Criminal Intelligence Service, the National Hi-Tech Crime Unit. The attorney general of the United Kingdom has said, Britain's new FBI-style agency should turn the UK into one of the least attractive places in the world for crime. Manifestly, SOCA wants to make the UK one of the happiest locations in the world by reforming national security systems. From all these new global national security threats faces, and foreign reforming cases, we must know that, in the middle of the new supranational security threats and for the safety and happiness country, we must be creative in developing robust prosecution structures to respond powerfully to the new challenges. For that reason this paper explores the role of intelligence and investigation capability to counter transnational threats through examining the cases of the United States and United Kingdoms. With the changing nature of intelligence environment, the traditional approach is unlikely to be sufficient to preserve the effectiveness and safety of one country. From the lessons of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the reforming cases of the FBI and SOCA, the national security system of the Republic of Korea needs to undergo a revolutionary change. The structure and process of the intelligence and investigation organizations should change with the necessary supporting of the national security laws. One of the important lessons from the real reforming cases of national security system, we should know, is the convergence of intelligence and investigation power.
The horrible disaster of September 11th 2001 has greatly shown the direness of international terrorism as a new supranational security threats even after the end of the cold war era. Because of it's awful threats to the national security and interests to the United States, less than 12 hours after the attacks, former President George W. Bush proclaimed the start of the global war on terror. Also immediately after the terror attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation started PENTTBOM, the largest criminal inquiry in the history of the United States, and was quickly able to identify the hijackers, evidence linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the attacks. And the national 9/11 Commission as an independent bipartisan group, was formed in late 2002 to prepare a thorough account of the circumstances surrounding the 9/11 attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks, and examined how security and intelligence agencies were inadequately coordinated to prevent the attacks. On July 22, 2004, the Commission issued the 9/11 Commission Report which concluded that new national security system is requested for the safe country at a changing environment. The commissioners explained, “We believe the 9/11 attacks revealed four kinds of failures: in imagination, policy, capabilities, and management”. The 9/11 commission made numerous recommendations on how to prevent future attacks. As one of the close friend who is following the foreign policies of the United States, the Republic of Korea is not safe from international terrorism too. New crimes are asking new policy and agency like the FBI of the U.S.A and SOCA of the United Kingdom. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a governmental agency belonging to the United States Department of Justice that serves as both a federal criminal investigative body and an internal intelligence agency. Currently, the FBI's top investigative priorities are: Protect the United States from terrorist attacks; Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage; Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes; Combat transnational criminal organizations and enterprises; Combat major white-collar crime; Combat significant violent crime. The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. Comparing to the FBI, as the British style FBI, the Serious Organised Crime Agency(SOCA) was formed on 1 April 2006 following a merger of the National Crime Squad, the National Criminal Intelligence Service, the National Hi-Tech Crime Unit. The attorney general of the United Kingdom has said, Britain's new FBI-style agency should turn the UK into one of the least attractive places in the world for crime. Manifestly, SOCA wants to make the UK one of the happiest locations in the world by reforming national security systems. From all these new global national security threats faces, and foreign reforming cases, we must know that, in the middle of the new supranational security threats and for the safety and happiness country, we must be creative in developing robust prosecution structures to respond powerfully to the new challenges. For that reason this paper explores the role of intelligence and investigation capability to counter transnational threats through examining the cases of the United States and United Kingdoms. With the changing nature of intelligence environment, the traditional approach is unlikely to be sufficient to preserve the effectiveness and safety of one country. From the lessons of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the reforming cases of the FBI and SOCA, the national security system of the Republic of Korea needs to undergo a revolutionary change. The structure and process of the intelligence and investigation organizations should change with the necessary supporting of the national security laws. One of the important lessons from the real reforming cases of national security system, we should know, is the convergence of intelligence and investigation power.
