초록

This study analyzes factors associated with moral success and failure in the ethical theory of Chŏng Yagyong (1762–1836), better known as Tasan. According to researchers who emphasize the cognitive and conative role of moral sentiments, moral success is ultimately driven by Tasan’s “moral mind” or “innate moral inclination.” According to them, moral sentiments are not blind, capricious feelings, but are able to intuitively perceive and discern good and evil; only by faithfully following one’s innate inclination toward good, is one well on the road to moral success. Tasan, however, in analyzing criminal acts in Hŭmhŭm sinsŏ (欽欽 新書; A new book on criminal law), notices a curious kind of moral failure caused by a strong moral emotion or passion toward socially endorsed moral virtues such as loyalty, filial piety and fidelity. Without much reflection on one’s inner mind or consideration on the proper method of one’s action, people fall prey to their “moral” emotions and commit crimes like taking revenge on the wrong person or committing suicide for the wrong reason. In his ethical theory, naturally, Tasan emphasizes not only moral sentiments and willpower but also the judging and weighing function of the mind, i.e., the cogitative mechanism of the spirit called kwŏnhyŏng (C. quanheng 權衡), literally meaning weighing and balancing. In this article, I attempt to describe the cogitative function of kwŏnhyŏng as judgment and decision and conclude that it is the actual and essential moral agency in Tasan’s ethical theory. Kwŏnhyŏng estimates and judges the issue at hand by inferring principles (K. ch’uri; C. tuili 推理), which is reminiscent of the rational and intellectual inference in Thomism. Although Tasan’s ethical theory was much influenced by Thomistic tradition, Tasan uniquely interprets “inferring the principle” as “inferring others’ minds from one’s own” (K. ch’usŏ; C. tuishu 推恕), which is a purely Confucian notion distinct from that presumed by Jesuit missionaries.

키워드

Moral success, moral agency, kwŏnhyŏng, cogitative mechanism of the spiritual body, inference of others’ minds from one’s own

참고문헌(41)open

  1. [단행본] Aleni, Giulio / 2002 / Chinese Christian Texts from the Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus [Yesuhui Luoma Dangan’guan Mingqing Tianzhujiao wenxian 耶穌會 羅馬 檔案館 明淸 天主敎 文獻]. Vol. 6 / Taipei Ricci Institute

  2. [단행본] Ames, Roger T. / 2011 / Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary / University of Hawai’i Press

  3. [단행본] Aristotle / 1984 / The Complete Works of Aristotle (The Revised Oxford Translation). Bollingen Ser. 71:2, vol. 1 / Princeton University Press

  4. [단행본] Aristotle / 1984 / The Complete Works of Aristotle. (The Revised Oxford Translation). Bollingen Ser. 71:2, vol. 1 / Princeton University Press

  5. [단행본] Aristotle / 1984 / The Complete Works of Aristotle. (The Revised Oxford Translation). Bollingen Ser. 71:2, vol. 1 / Princeton University Press

  6. [단행본] Aristotle / 1984 / The Complete Works of Aristotle. (The Revised Oxford Translation). Bollingen Ser. 71:2, vol. 1 / Princeton University Press : 100a:4 ~ 100b:17

  7. [학술지] Baker, Donald L. / 2013 / Finding God in the Classics: The Theistic Confucianism of Dasan Jeong Yagyong / Dao : 41 ~ 55

  8. [학술지] DON BAKER / 2010 / PRACTICAL ETHICS AND PRACTICAL LEARNING: TASAN’S APPROACH TO MORAL CULTIVATION / Acta Koreana 13 (2) : 47 ~ 61

  9. [학술지] 돈 베이커 / 2015 / PUSHING THE CONFUCIAN ENVELOPE: TASAN CHŎNG YAGYONG AS A MAN OF, AND NOT OF, HIS TIMES / Acta Koreana 18 (1) : 145 ~ 162

  10. [학술지] Donald Baker / 2013 / Tasan’s Pragmatic Approach to the Confucian Classics / 다산학 (22) : 107 ~ 144

  11. [학술지] Baker, Donald L. / 2002 / Thomas Aquinas and Chŏng Yagyong: Rebels within Tradition / Tasanhak 3 : 32 ~ 69

  12. [학술지] KEVIN N. CAWLEY / 2012 / DECONSTRUCTING HEGEMONY: CATHOLIC TEXTS IN CHOSŎN’S NEO-CONFUCIAN CONTEXT / Acta Koreana 15 (1) : 15 ~ 42

  13. [학술지] KEVIN N. CAWLEY / 2014 / “Traces of the Same within the Other” : Uncovering Tasan’s Christo-Confucianology / 다산학 (24) : 71 ~ 105

  14. [학술지] 최영진 / 2013 / Dasan’s Approach to the Ethical Function of Emotion as Revealed in His Annotations of Chinese Classics: With a Focus on His Maengja youi / Korea Journal 53 (2) : 54 ~ 79

  15. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / 2001 / Yŏyudang chŏnsŏ [與猶堂 全書; The complete works of Yŏyudang] / Arŭm Ch’ulp’ansa

  16. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Chŏngniji sŏ [情理之恕; Forgiveness for human sentiment and nature] 7. Sanghyŏng ch’uŭi [祥刑 追議; Follow-up discussions on his majesty’s sentences] 11 : 23a ~ 23b

  17. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Chungyong chajam [中庸 自箴; Self-admonitions from the Doctrine of the mean] : 5a ~ 5b

  18. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Chungyong kangŭibo [中庸 講義補; A supplement to lectures on the Doctrine of the mean] / Yŏyudang chŏnsŏ

  19. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Hogangji hak [豪强之虐; Abuses by the mighty] 2. Sanghyŏng ch’uŭi 9 : 29b ~ 31a

  20. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Hyojaron [孝子論; A theory of filial sons] and “Yŏllyŏron” [烈女論; A theory of virtuous women] : 32b ~ 36a

  21. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Ibal kibalbyŏn [理發 氣發辨; Discrimination between the manifestation of the rational principle and the manifestation of life energy] 2 : 17b ~ 18a

  22. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Iryunji chan [彛倫之殘; The elimination of human duties] 4 : 35a ~ 36a

  23. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Chŏnbal musa [剪跋 蕪詞; Postscripts on incidents] 2 : 23b ~ 27a

  24. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Maengja yoŭi [孟子 要義; An essential summary of Mencius] : 32b ~ 33a

  25. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Nonŏ kogŭmju [論語 古今註; Ancient and contemporary commentaries on the Analects] : 25b

  26. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Simgyŏng milhŏm [心經 密驗; Private examination of the Classic of the mind] : 27a ~ 27b

  27. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Suan’gun Ch’oe Chubyŏn pokkŏman palsa” [遂安郡 崔周弁 覆檢案 跋詞; Postscript on the reexamination of Ch’oe Chubyŏn in Suan County]. Chŏnbal musa 1 : 11a ~ 13b

  28. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Taehak kangŭi [大學 講義; Lectures on the Great learning] : 3b

  29. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Taehak kongŭi [大學 公議; Public discussions on the Great learning] : 35a ~ 35b

  30. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Tap Yi Yŏhong [答 李汝弘; Reply to Yi Yŏhong] : 30a ~ 30b

  31. [단행본] Chŏng, Yagyong / Yŏmssi komun sojŭngch’o” [閻氏 古文 疏證抄 Annotations on Yan’s An inquiry into the authenticity of the ancient text of the Book of documents]

  32. [학술지] 정소이 / 2009 / 정약용의 성 기호설 - 윤리적 자연주의의 시각에 입각하여 - / 동방학지 (147) : 449 ~ 488

  33. [학술지] 정소이 / 2013 / Dasan’s Moral Epistemology / Korea Journal 53 (2) : 105 ~ 123

  34. [학술지] 정소이 / 2011 / 다산 정약용의 인심·도심론 / 다산학 (18) : 273 ~ 306

  35. [학술지] Kalton, Michael C. / 2004 / Chŏng Tasan and Mencius: Toward a Contemporary East-West Interface / Tasanhak 5 : 7 ~ 53

  36. [학술지] Kalton, Michael C. / 1981 / Chŏng Tasan’s Philosophy of Man: A Radical Critique of the Neo-Confucian World View / Journal of Korean Studies 3 : 3 ~ 25

  37. [단행본] Ricci, Matteo, S. J. / 1985 / Tien-chu shi-i [天主 實義; The true meaning of the Lord of Heaven] / Institute of Jesuit Resources

  38. [학술지] Setton, Mark / 2002 / A Comparative Study of Chŏng Yagyong’s Classical Learning (Susahak) and Japanese Ancient Learning (Kogaku) / Tasanhak 3 : 230 ~ 245

  39. [단행본] Setton, Mark / 1997 / Chŏng Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism / State University of New York Press

  40. [학술지] Song, Young-bae / 2001 / A Comparative Study of the Paradigms between Dasan’s Philosophy and Matteo Ricci’s Tianzhu shiyi / Korea Journal 41 (3) : 57 ~ 99

  41. [학술지] Song, Young-bae / 1999 / Conflict and Dialogue between Confucianism and Christianity: An Analysis of Tianzhu shiyi by Matteo Ricci / Korea Journal 39 (1) : 224 ~ 248