Unsupervised Cross-lingual Transfer of Word Embedding Spaces

Ruochen Xu, Yiming Yang, Naoki Otani, Yuexin Wu


Abstract
Cross-lingual transfer of word embeddings aims to establish the semantic mappings among words in different languages by learning the transformation functions over the corresponding word embedding spaces. Successfully solving this problem would benefit many downstream tasks such as to translate text classification models from resource-rich languages (e.g. English) to low-resource languages. Supervised methods for this problem rely on the availability of cross-lingual supervision, either using parallel corpora or bilingual lexicons as the labeled data for training, which may not be available for many low resource languages. This paper proposes an unsupervised learning approach that does not require any cross-lingual labeled data. Given two monolingual word embedding spaces for any language pair, our algorithm optimizes the transformation functions in both directions simultaneously based on distributional matching as well as minimizing the back-translation losses. We use a neural network implementation to calculate the Sinkhorn distance, a well-defined distributional similarity measure, and optimize our objective through back-propagation. Our evaluation on benchmark datasets for bilingual lexicon induction and cross-lingual word similarity prediction shows stronger or competitive performance of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised baseline methods over many language pairs.
Anthology ID:
D18-1268
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
October-November
Year:
2018
Address:
Brussels, Belgium
Editors:
Ellen Riloff, David Chiang, Julia Hockenmaier, Jun’ichi Tsujii
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
SIGDAT
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
2465–2474
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/D18-1268
DOI:
10.18653/v1/D18-1268
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Ruochen Xu, Yiming Yang, Naoki Otani, and Yuexin Wu. 2018. Unsupervised Cross-lingual Transfer of Word Embedding Spaces. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 2465–2474, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Unsupervised Cross-lingual Transfer of Word Embedding Spaces (Xu et al., EMNLP 2018)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/D18-1268.pdf
Attachment:
 D18-1268.Attachment.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/D18-1268.mp4
Code
 xrc10/unsup-cross-lingual-embedding-transfer