21세기에 들어 1인 가구가 증가하면서 1인 가구의 개인화 및 폐쇄적 주거 환경은 1인 가구의 사회적 관계를 단절시키고, 여러 가지 사회적 문제를 일으키고 있다. 본 연구는 1인 가구의 단절된 관계를 다시 회복하고 확장하기 위해 커뮤니티 디자인 측면으로 연구하고 지속 가능한 사회적 시스템에 대한 방안을 제시하고자 한다.
본 연구는 커뮤니티 디자인 관점으로 1인 공동 주거에 대한 사례 연구를 진행하였으며, 1인 가구의 사회적 문제점들을 인식하고 기획된 1인 공동 주거인 ‘우주’, ‘통의동집’, ‘어쩌다집’을 사례 조사의 대상으로 선정하였다. 연구방법으로는 사례의 공동 주거를 방문하여 운영자와 입주자의 대면 인터뷰, 세미나, 기사 등을 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 물리적 커뮤니티와 사회적 커뮤니티 측면에서 커뮤니티 디자인 관점으로 분석하였다.
1인 공동 주거에서 입주자들이 참여할 수 있는 공유 공간과 같은 물리적 측면과 반상회, 세미나, 식사모임 등의 사회적 측면의 프로그램이 함께 적용되었을 때, 커뮤니티 디자인은 참여의 단계, 소통의 단계, 협력의 단계를 거쳐 기존 1인 가구가 가지고 있던 관계의 단절과 폐쇄성 등의 문제점들이 해결되고 있었다.
본 연구를 통해 새롭게 형성된 1인 공동 주거의 사례는 ‘사회적 가족’이라는 관계를 통해 관계를 연결하고 확장하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 커뮤니티 디자인 관점의 물리적 사회적 측면을 고려하여 관계의 확장과 연결이 가능한 시스템으로써 1인 공동 거주 형태를 운영할 수 있는 방법을 더욱 다양하게 모색할 필요가 있다.
In the 21st century, the personalization and closed environment of single-person household have cut off social relations and result in various social problems. This study aims to understand community design, suggest a way to solve the social problems. Based on the community design, ‘Woozoo', ’Tong-Ui Dong House', and ‘Eojjeoda House' were selected which recently has been proposed as a solution for the problems of single-person households. Through a series of interviews with operators of the shared houses, articles on the media, etc., research data were collected and analyzed in terms of perspectives of both physical community and social community. In order to sustain communities within the shared house is necessary to facilitate physical community such as the public space where the tenants can actively use as well as social community. When the physical aspects as public space and social aspects in which the tenants are actively involved are applied together, the problems of the existing single-person household are resolved. This study found that the case of the newly formed shared-house for single-person household connects and extends the relationship through 'social family' relationship. Therefore, considering the physical and social aspects of the community design perspective, it is necessary to explore various ways of operating a shared-residence for the single-person household as a system capable of expanding and linking relations.
In the 21st century, the personalization and closed environment of single-person household have cut off social relations and result in various social problems. This study aims to understand community design, suggest a way to solve the social problems. Based on the community design, ‘Woozoo', ’Tong-Ui Dong House', and ‘Eojjeoda House' were selected which recently has been proposed as a solution for the problems of single-person households. Through a series of interviews with operators of the shared houses, articles on the media, etc., research data were collected and analyzed in terms of perspectives of both physical community and social community. In order to sustain communities within the shared house is necessary to facilitate physical community such as the public space where the tenants can actively use as well as social community. When the physical aspects as public space and social aspects in which the tenants are actively involved are applied together, the problems of the existing single-person household are resolved. This study found that the case of the newly formed shared-house for single-person household connects and extends the relationship through 'social family' relationship. Therefore, considering the physical and social aspects of the community design perspective, it is necessary to explore various ways of operating a shared-residence for the single-person household as a system capable of expanding and linking relations.
