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Lee, Yim, Choi, Lee, Park, and Lee: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Six Halophytes in Korea
Original Article

Natural Product Sciences 2018;24(1):40-46.

Published online: 20 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2018.24.1.40

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Six Halophytes in Korea

Jeong Min Lee, Mi-Jin Yim, Grace Choi, Myeong Seok Lee, Yun Gyeong Park, Dae-Sung Lee∗

Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea

∗Author for correspondence Dae-Sung Lee, Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Jangsan-ro 101 beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 33662, Korea. Tel: +82-41-950-0767; E-mail: daesung@mabik.re.kr

Received 1 September 2017       Revised 26 October 2017       Accepted 27 October 2017

Copyright © 2018 The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure and compare polyphenol content, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activity of six halophytes (Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, and Sonchus brachyotus). Depending on the total polyphenol content, the plants were categorized into two groups: (1) a high total polyphenol content group that included L. tetragonum, S. brachyotus, and S. europaea, and, (2) a low total polyphenol content group consisting of S. glauca, T. maritima, and S. japonica. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, and by measuring ROS. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring NO and PGE2. L. tetragonum and S. brachyotus, that have high polyphenol content, also showed strong antioxidant activity. In addition, L. tetragonum, S. brachyotus, and S. europaea showed good anti-inflammatory activity. Consequently, the total polyphenol content was thought to be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, S. brachyotus and L. tetragonum are good candidates for use in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.

Keywords: Halophytes, DPPH, Polyphenol, NO, PGE2

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Fig. 1.
Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the extracts from six halophytes. Experiment was performed in triplicate and data are represented as mean ± SD.
nps-24-40f1.tif
Fig. 2.
ROS generation of extracts from six halophytes. Experiment was performed in triplicate and data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
nps-24-40f2.tif
Fig. 3.
Cell viability of extracts from six halophytes. Experiment was performed in triplicate and data are represented as mean ± SD.
nps-24-40f3.tif
Fig. 4.
Inhibitory effects of NO production for extracts from six halophytes in LPS-RAW 264.7 cells. Experiment was performed in triplicate and data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
nps-24-40f4.tif
Fig. 5.
Inhibitory effects of PGE2 release for extracts from six halophytes in LPS-RAW 264.7 cells. Experiment was performed in triplicate and data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
nps-24-40f5.tif
Table 1.
Total polyphenol content of six halophyte extracts expressed as equivalent of gallic acid (mg of GA/g of extract)
Species Total polyphenol content (mg/100 g dry weight)
Plumbaginaceae  
  H1 14.27 ± 0.26a
Asteraceae  
  H2 59.34 ± 0.32
Chenopodiaceae  
  H3 54.29 ± 0.15
  H4 52.84 ± 0.46
  H6 58.71 ± 0.29
Juncaginaceae  
  H5 53.33 ± 0.37

a Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).

Table 2.
DPPH radical scavenging activity of six halophyte extracts expressed as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
Species IC50 (mg/ml)
Plumbaginaceae  
  H1 0.020 ± 0.001a
Asteraceae  
  H2 0.056 ± 0.001
Chenopodiaceae  
  H3 0.095 ± 0.003
  H4 0.510 ± 0.003
  H6 0.061 ± 0.001
Juncaginaceae  
  H5 0.570 ± 0.009
Control  
  Ascorbic acidb 0.019 ± 0.004

a Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).

b Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control.

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