Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Current Status of Homogeneity and Stability of the Reference Materials for Nutrients in Seawater

  • Published:
Analytical Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The development of Reference Materials for Nutrients in Seawater (RMNS) has been in progress since 1993. When RMNS were produced for nitrate, silicate, and phosphate, their initial homogeneities were as low as 0.1 to 0.2% in samples of high-nutrient seawater, such as deep water from the Pacific Ocean. The relative standard uncertainties associated with instability during long-term (4.8 years) storage were approximately 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4% for nitrate, silicate, and phosphate, respectively. No instability was observed for 1.9 to 6.4 years based on the ISO Guide 35:2006 criteria; however, the relative standard uncertainties associated with instability during long-term storage were larger than the initial homogeneities of RMNS. RMNS produced by state-of-the-art techniques are currently available for global use to improve the comparability of nutrients data in the open ocean and, as discussed here, are reliable candidates to be used for certified reference materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. IOC-IAEA-UNEP/GGE(SRM)-II/3, “IOC-IAEA-UNEP Group of Experts on Standards and Reference Materials (GESREM)”, 2nd session, Halifax, Canada, 22 – 25 January 1990, 1991, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 12.

  2. IOC-IAEA-UNEP/GESREM-III/3, “IOC-IAEA-UNEP Group of Experts on Standards and Reference Materials (GESREM)”, 3rd session, Brussels, 22 – 24 September 1992, 1992, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 16.

  3. T. Joyce and C. Corry, “Requirements for WOCE Hydrographic Programmed Data Reporting”, 1994, Report WHPO 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office, Woods Hole, MA, USA, 52 – 55.

  4. M. Aoyama and T. Joyce, Report of the WOCE Pacific Workshop, Hyatt Newporter-Newport Beach, CA, USA, August 19 – 23, 1996.

  5. C. I. Mordy, M. Aoyama, L. L. Gordon, G. C. Johnson, R. M. Key, A. A. Ross, J. C. Jennings, and J. Wilson, in 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 2000, Abstract OS12D-14.

  6. V. V. Gouretski and K. Jancke, Prog. Oceanogr., 2000, 48, 337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Aminot and R. Kerouel, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1991, 248, 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Aminot and R. Kerouel, Mar. Chem., 1995, 49, 221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Aminot and D. S. Kirkwood, Report on the Results of the Fifth ICES Intercomparison Exercise for Nutrients in Seawater, 1995, ICES Cooperative Research Report, No. 213.

  10. D. E. Wells, A. Aminot, J. De Boer, W. Cofino, D. Kirkwood, and B. Pedersen, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 1997, 35, 3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D. S. Kirkwood, Mar. Chem., 1992, 38, 151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Aminot and R. Kerouel, Mar. Chem., 1996, 52, 173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Aminot and R. Kerouel, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 351, 299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Aminot and R. Kerouel, Mar. Chem., 1998, 61, 203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Aoyama, Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute, 2006, No. 50.

  16. M. Aoyama, S. Becker, M. H. Dai, H. Daimon, L. I. Gordon, H. Kasai, R. Kerouel, N. Kress, D. Masten, A. Murata, N. Nagai, H. Ogawa, H. Ota, H. Saito, K. Saito, T. Shimizu, H. Takano, A. Tsuda, K. Yokouchi, and A. Youenou, Anal. Sci., 2007, 23, 1151.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Aoyama, J. Barwell-Clarke, S. Becker, M. Blum, E. S. Braga, S. C. Coverly, E. Czobik, I. Dahllof, M. H. Dai, G. O. Donnell, C. Engelke, G. C. Gong, Gi-Hoon Hong, D. J. Hydes, M. M. Jin, H. Kasai, R. Kerouel, Y. Kiyomono, M. Knockaert, N. Kress, K. A. Krogslund, M. Kumagai, S. Leterme, Yarong Li, S. Masuda, T. Miyao, T. Moutin, A. Murata, N. Nagai, G. Nausch, M. K. Ngirchechol, A. Nybakk, H. Ogawa, J. van Ooijen, H. Ota, J. M. Pan, C. Payne, O. Pierre-Duplessix, M. Pujo-Pay, T. Raabe, K. Saito, K. Sato, C. Schmidt, M. Schuett, T. M. Shammon, J. Sun, T. Tanhua, L. White, E. M. S. Woodward, P. Worsfold, P. Yeats, T. Yoshimura, A. Youenou, and J. Z. Zhang, Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute, 2008, No. 58.

  18. M. Aoyama, C. Anstey, J. Barwell-Clarke, F. Baurand, S. Becker, M. Blum, S. C. Coverly, E. Czobik, F. d’Amico, I. Dahllof, M. H. Dai, J. Dobson, O. Pierre-Duplessix, M. Duval, C. Engelke, G. C. Gong, O. Grosso, A. Hirayama, H. Inoue, Y. Ishida, D. J. Hydes, H. Kasai, R. Kerouel, M. Knockaert, N. Kress, K. A. Krogslund, M. Kumagai, S. C. Leterme, C. Mahaffey, H. Mitsuda, P. Morin, T. Moutin, D. Munaron, A. Murata, G. Nausch, H. Ogawa, J. van Ooijen, J. M. Pan, G. Paradis, C. Payne, G. Prove, P. Raimbault, M. Rose, K. Saito, H. Saito, K. Sato, C. Schmidt, M. Schutt, T. M. Shammon, S. Olafsdottir, J. Sun, T. Tanhua, S. Weigelt-Krenz, L. White, E. M. S. Woodward, P. Worsfold, T. Yoshimura, A. Youenou, and J. Z. Zhang, Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute, 2010, No. 60.

  19. M. Aoyama and D. J. Hydes, “Comparability of Nutrients in the World’s Ocean”, ed. M. Aoyama, A. G. Dickson, D. J. Hydes, A. Murata, J. R. Oh, P. Roose, and E. M. S. Woodward, 2010, MOTHER TANK, Tsukuba, Japan, 1 – 10.

  20. IOC/INF-1260, “A Joint ICES-IOC Study Group on Nutrient Standards (SGONS)”, 2009, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

  21. A. G. Dickson, J. D. Afghan, and G. C. Anderson, Mar. Chem., 2003, 80, 185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. G. Dickson, C. L. Sabine, and J. R. Christian, “Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Carbonate Measurements”, 2007, PICES Special Publication, 3.

  23. H. Ota, H. Mitsuda, M. Kimura, and T. Kitao, “Comparability of Nutrients in the World’s Ocean”, ed. M. Aoyama, A. G. Dickson, D. J. Hydes, A. Murata, J. R. Oh, P. Roose, and E. M. S. Woodward, 2010, MOTHER TANK, Tsukuba, Japan, 11 – 30.

  24. H. Ota, Japan Patent Kokai, 2003, 214996.

  25. H. Ota, T. Kitao, and M. Kimura, Japan Patent Kokai, 2006, 058080.

  26. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation, Toshiba Gijyutsushiryou STD, No. F-35G, 2010, in Japanese

  27. Meiwa Sanshou, “Product Bag Property Values”, 2009, a part of report number 6510394032 P, in Japanese.

  28. J. Murphy and J. P. Riley, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1962, 27, 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Grasshoff, “Methods of Seawater Analysis”, 1976, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim and New York, 279 – 281.

  30. K. Grasshoff, K. Kremling, and M. Ehrhardt, “Methods of Seawater Analysis”, 3rd ed., 1999, Wiley-VCH, Verlag, Weinheim.

  31. M. Aoyama, A. Takeuchi, S. Yokogawa, K. Miura, and J. Matsushita, “WHP P21 Revisit Data Book”, ed. H. Uchida and A. Murata, 2010, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka.

  32. D. J. Hydes, M. Aoyama, A. Aminot, K. Bakker, S. Becker, S. Coverly, A. Daniel, A. G. Dickson, O. Grosso, R. Kerouel, J. van Ooijen, K. Sato, T. Tanhua, E. M. S. Woodward, and J. Z. Zhang, in GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines, IOCCP Report No. 14, ICPO Publication Series No. 134, 2010.

  33. JIS K 8019:1992 Sodium nitrite (Reagent), 1992.

  34. Merck, 2008, Certificate of Analysis, Silicon standard solution traceable to SRM form NIST SiO2 in NaOH 0.5 mol/L 1000 mg/L Si CertiPUR®.

  35. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000, Certificate of Analysis, Standard Reference Material® 3150.

  36. ISO Guide 35:2006(E), Reference Materials—General and Statistical Principles for Certification, 2006.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan

    Michio Aoyama

  2. The General Environmental Technos Co., Ltd., 1-3-5 Azuchimachi, Chuo, Osaka, 541-0052, Japan

    Hidekazu Ota, Munehito Kimura, Takashi Kitao & Hitoshi Mitsuda

  3. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan

    Akihiko Murata

  4. Marine Works Japan Ltd., 2-16-32 5F Kamariyahigashi, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0042, Japan

    Kenichro Sato

Authors
  1. Michio Aoyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hidekazu Ota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Munehito Kimura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Takashi Kitao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hitoshi Mitsuda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Akihiko Murata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kenichro Sato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michio Aoyama.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Aoyama, M., Ota, H., Kimura, M. et al. Current Status of Homogeneity and Stability of the Reference Materials for Nutrients in Seawater. ANAL. SCI. 28, 911–916 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.28.911

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.28.911

Search

Navigation