2018년 동계올림픽의 유치 성공 이후 개최지의 지역 주민과 지방자치단체, 그리고 정부와 국민들의 관심이 평창동계올림픽이 가져 올 긍정적․부정적 효과에 향해 있다. 특히 그 핵심에는 올림픽 개최 이후 대회관련시설 등의 사후활용, 스포츠산업과 관광산업의 육성 등을 통한 개최지역의 지속적 발전과 나아가 국가균형발전이라는 목표의 달성이라는 문제가 놓여 있다. 현재 이에 대한 많은 논의들과 정책들이 제시되고 있는데, 이러한 논의와 정책들을 어떻게 입법에 반영할지의 문제는 매우 어려운 문제라 하겠다. 올림픽 유치 성공 이후 「2018 평창동계올림픽대회 및 장애인동계올림픽대회 지원 등에 관한 특별법」이 조속히 마련되었다. 그러나 이 법은 사후활용과 관리의 중요성을 인식하고는 있지만 그에 대한 구체적 사항을 규율하고 있지는 않으며, 올림픽의 성공적 개최의 문제에 집중하고 있다. 올림픽 이후 사후활용과 관리에 대한 체계적 법제의 마련이 매우 어려운 과제라고 하더라도 그동안의 국내외의 경험과 지혜, 많은 정책논의들에 대한 신중한 검토를 통해 지역주민들과 국민들이 공감할 수 있고 그들의 참여를 이끌어낼 수 있는 합리성과 공공성, 실효성을 갖춘 입법의 보완이 계속하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 인식 하에 이 논문에서는 평창동계올림픽의 개최 이후 올림픽 유산을 성공적이고 지속적으로 계승․관리하기 위한 입법정책적 과제를 개괄적으로나마 제시해보고자 하였다.
입법의 마련에 있어 특히 고려하여야 할 점으로, 첫째, 사후활용계획이 철저히 마련될 수 있도록 계획과 관련한 보다 구체적인 사항에 대해 법률에 직접적인 근거를 마련할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 사후활용계획이 구체화되고 실효성을 갖기 위해서는 광역적이고 종합적인 차원에서 검토될 필요가 있을 것이다. 이를 위해서는 중앙정부와 강원도, 평창 등 올림픽 개최지역 간, 올림픽 개최지역과 주변 연계 지역 간 협력이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. 다양한 협력의 프로그램을 법제화하는 것은 지방자치법의 과제라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 사후활용계획의 수립과 확정에 있어 행정절차를 통해 지역주민, 지방자치단체, 연계지역, 관련 전문가 등의 충분한 의견수렴이 이루어지는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 협조와 동의는 사전적 의견수렴과 조정을 통해서 가능해질 수 있으므로, 행정절차의 의무적․적극적 실행에 대한 법적 근거가 필요하다.
동계올림픽과 같은 메가이벤트의 개최가 정부의 주도적 역할과 지원 하에 수행된다고 하더라도 올림픽의 개최와 사후활용 문제의 가장 직접적인 당사자는 개최지역이 속한 지방자치단체와 지역주민이라고 하겠다. 따라서 이와 관련한 법적 논의들은 곧 지방자치법의 과제에 속한다고 할 것이다. 중앙정부와의 협력, 연계지역과의 협력, 주민참여 등의 문제도 모두 지방자치법의 영역에 속한다. 동계올림픽을 둘러싼 지방자치법적 논의들이 보다 활발히 이루어지고, 다양한 정책적․입법적 논의들이 입법에 신중히 반영되어, 평창동계올림픽이 제시하고 있는 비전이 실효성 있는 법제도로 구체화되기를 기대해본다.
Having won the bid for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games, to be hosted in PyeongChang, South Korea, local residents, municipalities, government, and the general public of the nation have now focused their attention on the benefits and drawbacks of hosting the Olympics. Of particular interest are issues related to achieving sustainable development as a host region and balanced development as a country through facilities utilization, as well as the development of the sports and tourism industries after the Olympics. Discussions and proposed policies have been numerous, but there seem to have been great difficulties in finding ways of reflecting these in legislation. The “Special Act on Support for the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and the Paralympics Winter Olympic Games” was established soon after the winning bid had been announced. Although the law recognizes the importance of post-Olympics facilities utilization and management, it does not govern specific details, focusing only on the successful hosting of the Olympics. While the systemic legislation of post-Olympics facilities utilization and management may be difficult to impose, policies should be made continuously based on the wisdom gleaned from both domestic and international experiences and the careful consideration of manifold policy discussions. Rational, public, and effective policies are needed so that local residents and the public at large can relate to the legislation and can participate as active leaders. In such legislation provisions, several areas require special consideration. First, in order to build a thorough post-Olympics facilities utilization and management plan, specific law-based details of the plan should be made available. Second, a wide and comprehensive review is needed for the post-Olympics utilization plan to be effectively executed. This requires cooperation between the central government and Olympic host regions, including Gangwon and PyeongChang, and among the Olympic host regions and surrounding areas. Legislation of a variety of cooperation projects would fall under the Local Government Act. Third, in order to establish and confirm the post-utilization plan, local residents and governments, relevant areas, and professionals in relevant fields should be adequately consulted through the use of administrative procedures. Since this cooperation and consent can be achieved through proactive consultation and coordination, a legal basis for the mandatory and active running of administration procedures is required. Although a mega event such as the Winter Olympic Games is carried out under the leadership and support of the government, the parties most directly involved in hosting the Olympics and in post-Olympics facilities utilization are the municipalities and local residents to which the host area belongs. Thus, relevant legal discussion is related to the Local Government Act, and cooperation between the central government and the areas involved, as well as issues related to residents participation all fall under the purview of this Act. It is anticipated that the vision presented by the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games will be materialized as an effective legal system by strengthening the active legal discussions of local governments regarding the Games and by carefully reflecting the wide range of political discussions in legislation.
Having won the bid for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games, to be hosted in PyeongChang, South Korea, local residents, municipalities, government, and the general public of the nation have now focused their attention on the benefits and drawbacks of hosting the Olympics. Of particular interest are issues related to achieving sustainable development as a host region and balanced development as a country through facilities utilization, as well as the development of the sports and tourism industries after the Olympics. Discussions and proposed policies have been numerous, but there seem to have been great difficulties in finding ways of reflecting these in legislation. The “Special Act on Support for the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and the Paralympics Winter Olympic Games” was established soon after the winning bid had been announced. Although the law recognizes the importance of post-Olympics facilities utilization and management, it does not govern specific details, focusing only on the successful hosting of the Olympics. While the systemic legislation of post-Olympics facilities utilization and management may be difficult to impose, policies should be made continuously based on the wisdom gleaned from both domestic and international experiences and the careful consideration of manifold policy discussions. Rational, public, and effective policies are needed so that local residents and the public at large can relate to the legislation and can participate as active leaders. In such legislation provisions, several areas require special consideration. First, in order to build a thorough post-Olympics facilities utilization and management plan, specific law-based details of the plan should be made available. Second, a wide and comprehensive review is needed for the post-Olympics utilization plan to be effectively executed. This requires cooperation between the central government and Olympic host regions, including Gangwon and PyeongChang, and among the Olympic host regions and surrounding areas. Legislation of a variety of cooperation projects would fall under the Local Government Act. Third, in order to establish and confirm the post-utilization plan, local residents and governments, relevant areas, and professionals in relevant fields should be adequately consulted through the use of administrative procedures. Since this cooperation and consent can be achieved through proactive consultation and coordination, a legal basis for the mandatory and active running of administration procedures is required. Although a mega event such as the Winter Olympic Games is carried out under the leadership and support of the government, the parties most directly involved in hosting the Olympics and in post-Olympics facilities utilization are the municipalities and local residents to which the host area belongs. Thus, relevant legal discussion is related to the Local Government Act, and cooperation between the central government and the areas involved, as well as issues related to residents participation all fall under the purview of this Act. It is anticipated that the vision presented by the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games will be materialized as an effective legal system by strengthening the active legal discussions of local governments regarding the Games and by carefully reflecting the wide range of political discussions in legislation.
