References
Kane JM, Honigfeld G, Singer J, et al. Clozapine for treatmentresistant schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 789–96
Meltzer H, Burnett S, Bastani B, et al. Effects of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990; 41: 892–7
Pickar D, Owen RR, Litman RE, et al. Clinical and biological response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia: crossover comparison with fluphenazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 345–53
Breier A, Buchanan RW, Irish D, et al. Clozapine treatment of outpatients with schizophrenia: outcome and long-term response patterns. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1993; 22: 1145–9
Breier A, Buchanan RW, Kirkpatrick B, et al. Effects of clozapine on postiive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 20–6
Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Pollack S, et al. Clinical effects of clozapine in chronic schizophrenia: response to treatment and preditctors of outcome. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1744–52
Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Xu W, et al. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia. A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalised patients with refractory schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 809–15
Gelder M. Gath D, Mayou R, et al. (editors) Schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders. In: Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996: 246–293
Jablensky A. Epidemiology of schizophrenia: a European perspective. Schizophr Bull 1986; 12: 52–73
Hafner H, Riecher A, Maurer K, et al. How does gender influence age at first hospitalization of schizophrenia. Psychol Med 1989; 19: 903–18
Reid WH, Mason M, Hogan T. Suicide prevention effects associated with clozapine therapy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatr Serv 1998; 49(8): 1029–33
Schuttler R, Huber G, Gross G. Suizid and Suizidversuch im Verlauf schizophrener Erkrankungen. Psychiatr Clin (Basel) 1976; 9: 97–105
Modestin J. Suizid in der psychiatrischen Klinik. Stuttgart: Enke, 1987
Meltzer HY, Okayli G. Reduction of suicidality during clozapine treatment of neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia: impact on risk-benefit assessment. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 183–90
Ehrlinger R. Evaluation of suicide prevention after attempted suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1975; 260: 64–124
Kreitman N, editor. Parasuicide. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977
Westermeyer JF, Harrow M, Marengo JT. Risk for suicide in schizophrenia and other psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991; 179: 259–66 (as cited in Reid [4])
Caldwell CB, Gottesman II. Schizophrenics kill themselves too: Areview of risk factors for suicide. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 571–89 (as cited in Reid[4])
Sernyak MJ, Desi R, Stolar M, et al. Impact of clozapine on completed suicide. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 931–7
Ereschefsky L, Watanabe MD, Tran-Johnson TK. Clozapine: an typical antipsychotic agent. Clin Pharm 1989–8: 691–709
Lieberman JA, Alvir JMJ. A report of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in the United States. Incidence and risk factors. Drug Saf 1992; 7: 1–2
Reinstein MJ, Sirotouskaya LA, Mohan SC, et al. Incidence and treatment of side effects with clozapine treatment [poster]. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Chicago, 8 May 2000
Marder SR, Van Putten T. Who should receive clozapine? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 865–7
Earle KA, Forquer SL, Volo AM, et al. Characteristics of outpatient suicides. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994; 45: 123–6
Meltzer HY. Suicide and schizophrenia: Clozapine and the InterSePT study. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 2: 47–50
Taiminen TJ, Kujari H. Antipsychotic medication and suicide risk among schizophrenic and paranoid inpatients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 90: 247–51 (as cited in Meltzer[25])
Walker AM, Lanza LL, Arellano F, et al. Mortality in current and former users of clozapine. Epidemiology 1997; 8: 671–7 (as cited in Meltzer[25])
Meltzer HY. Suicide in schizophrenia: Risk factors and clozapine treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 59 Suppl. 3: 15–20
Acknowledgements
Funding support for this study was provided by Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reinstein, M.J., Chasonov, M.A., Colombo, K.D. et al. Reduction of Suicidality in Patients with Schizophrenia Receiving Clozapine. Clin. Drug Investig. 22, 341–346 (2002). https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200222050-00008
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200222050-00008