Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 is a type II metalloprotease that belongs to the M1 family of the MA clan, which consists of 967 amino acids with a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a single transmembrane part, and a large cellular ectodomain containing the active site. APN has a molecular weight of 110,000. The APN exists in two forms namely the membrane aminopeptidase N and the soluble aminopeptidase N. Moreover, it exhibits the presence of various isozymes with different functions. APN is a ubiquitous enzyme present in a wide variety of human organs, tissues and cell types (endothelial, epithelial, fibroblast, leukocyte). It is a multifunctional enzyme, related with tumorigenesis, immune system, pain etc. Furthermore, it also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses and other human viruses. Besides the manifestation of various other functions, APN is also involved in the trimming of antigen and the process of antigen presentation. These functions facilitate the modulation of bioactive peptide responses (pain management, vasopressin release) and influence immune functions and major biological events (cell proliferation, secretion, invasion, angiogenesis) thereby providing treatment options for many kinds of diseases. This review will introduce the structure and main functions of APN briefly.
Keywords: Aminopeptidase N, cancer, angiogenesis, NGR peptide, TNF, virus, enkephalins, immune cell
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: The Structure and Main Functions of Aminopeptidase N
Volume: 14 Issue: 6
Author(s): Yepeng Luan and Wenfang Xu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aminopeptidase N, cancer, angiogenesis, NGR peptide, TNF, virus, enkephalins, immune cell
Abstract: Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 is a type II metalloprotease that belongs to the M1 family of the MA clan, which consists of 967 amino acids with a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a single transmembrane part, and a large cellular ectodomain containing the active site. APN has a molecular weight of 110,000. The APN exists in two forms namely the membrane aminopeptidase N and the soluble aminopeptidase N. Moreover, it exhibits the presence of various isozymes with different functions. APN is a ubiquitous enzyme present in a wide variety of human organs, tissues and cell types (endothelial, epithelial, fibroblast, leukocyte). It is a multifunctional enzyme, related with tumorigenesis, immune system, pain etc. Furthermore, it also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses and other human viruses. Besides the manifestation of various other functions, APN is also involved in the trimming of antigen and the process of antigen presentation. These functions facilitate the modulation of bioactive peptide responses (pain management, vasopressin release) and influence immune functions and major biological events (cell proliferation, secretion, invasion, angiogenesis) thereby providing treatment options for many kinds of diseases. This review will introduce the structure and main functions of APN briefly.
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Cite this article as:
Luan Yepeng and Xu Wenfang, The Structure and Main Functions of Aminopeptidase N, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2007; 14 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707780059571
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707780059571 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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