Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, the feeding habits and reproductive behavior of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, in the northern Persian Gulf during five months from October 2011 to December 2012 have been investigated. Specimens were purchased from the fishermen at several landing sites. Feeding and nutrition results showed that sardines are the major prey items of S. commerson. Secondary prey species included ponyfish, halfbeak and Indian mackerel fishes. Mature females (Stages III, IV) were mostly observed between April to July. By July, most of the studied fishes were in recovery or spent stages (Stages IV, V) indicating the end of the spawning season. The result of gonado-somatic index (GSI) study in 184 male and female specimens indicated the highest reproductive activity from April to July with the peak in July. The total sex ratio of 69 males and 115 females was 0.6:1 and it was not significantly different during study periods except autumn season. The minimum and maximum cavity index (CV) for both sexes were from 22.5% in December to 68.0% in October, respectively. Sardines were the most prevalent components of the diet of S. commerson. Based on the obtained results, it can be suggested that that banning of the Spanish mackerel catch in the June-July, which is the peak of spawning period, may help brood stocks. Banning the sardine catch may also benefit management of S. commerson in the Persian Gulf.
Keywords
Reproductive Biology
Gonado-somatic Index
Diet
Persian Gulf.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
NIAMAIMANDI, N., KAYMARAM, F., HOOLIHAN, J., MOHAMMADI, G. H., & FATEMI, S. M. R. (2017). Contribution to the feeding habits and reproductive biology of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1801) (Teleostei: Scombridae), in the northern Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 4(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v4i2.215
References
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Al-Oufi, H.S.; McLean, E.; Goddard, J.S.; Claereboudt, M.R.G. & Al-Akhzami, Y.K. 2002. The kingfish, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1801) in Oman: reproduction, feeding and stock identification. In: McLean, E. & Al-Oufi, H.S. (eds.), Contemporary issues in marine science and fisheries. Hasanuddin University Press, Makassar, pp. 1-17.
Bakhoum, S.A. 2007. Diet overlap of immigrant narrow–barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson and the largehead hairtail ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 30(2): 147-160.
Blaber, S.J.M.; Milton, D.A.; Rawlinson, N.J.F.; Tiroba, G. & Nichols, P.V. 1990. Diets of lagoon fishes of the Solomon Islands: predators of tuna baitfish and trophic effects of bait fishing on thesubsistence fishery. Fisheries Research 8: 263-286.
Claereboudt, M.R.G.; Al-Oufi. H.S.; McIlwain, J. & Goddard, J.S. 2004. Relationships between fishing gear, size frequency and reproductive patterns for the kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson Lacep`ede) fishery in the Gulf of Oman. In: Payne, A.I.L.; O’Brien, C.M. & Rogers, S.I. (eds.), Management of shared fish stocks, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 56-67.
Claereboudt, M.R.; McIlwain. J.L.; Al-Oufi, H.S. & Ambu-Ali. A.A. 2005. Patterns of reproduction and spawning of the kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacèpéde, 1801) in the coastal waters of the Sultanate of Oman. Fisheries Research 73: 273-282.
Collette, B.B. & Russo, J.L. 1984. Morphology, systematics, & biology of the Spanish mackerels (Scomberomorus, Scombridae). Fishery Bulletin 82: 545-689.
Collette, B.B. 1986. Scombridae (including Thunnidae, Scomberomoridae, Gasterochismatidae and Sardidae). In:Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. In: Whitehead, P.J.P.; Bauchot, M.L.; Hureau, J.C.; Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 981-997.
Collette, B.B. 2001. Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seer fishes, and wahoo). In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome, pp. 3721-3756.
Darvishi, M.; Kaymaram. F.; Salarpouri, A.; Behzadi, S. & Daghooghi, B. 2011. Population dynamic and biological aspects of Scombermorus commerson in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Iranian coastal). IOTC. WPNTO1: 23p.
Devaraj, M. 1983. Maturity, spawning and fecundity of the king seer, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1801), in the seas around the Indian Peninsula. Indian Journal of Fisheries 30: 203-230.
Dudley, R.G.; Aghanashinikar, A.P. & Brothers, E.B. 1992. Management of the Indo-Pacific Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in Oman. Fisheries Research 15: 17-43.
Euzen, E. 1987. Food habits and diet composition of some fish of Kuwait. Bulletin Science 9: 65-85.
Grandcourt, E.M.; Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. & Al-Shamsi, A.T. 2005. Preliminary assessment of the biology and fishery for the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1800). Fisheries Research 76: 277-290.
Iranian Fishery Organization. (2003-2012). The annual statistic of catches from southern part of country, the Persian Gulf. 74p.
Izadpanahi, G.R. 2012. Final report. The monitoring of hydrology and hydrobiology studies of the Persian Gulf (Iranian waters), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran-Iran: 170p. (In Farsi)
Jenkins, G.P.; Milward, N.F. & Hartwick, R.F. 1985. Occurrence of larvae of Spanish mackerels, Genus Scomberomorus (Teleostei; Scombridae), in shelf waters of the Great Barrier Reef. Austustralian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 635-640.
Kaymaram, F.; Hossainy, S.A.; Darvishi, M.; Talebzadeh, S.A. & Sadeghi, M.S. 2010. Reproduction and spawning patterns of the Scomberomorus commerson in the Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 9(2): 233-244.
Khorshidian, K. 2000. Comparative study of fishing fleet in Bushehr province. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran-Iran: 10-22. (In Farsi)
Mackie, M.C., Lewis, P.D.; Gaughan, D.J. & Newman, S.J. 2005. Variability in spawning frequency and reproductive development of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) along the west coast of Australia. Fishery bulletin 103: 344-354.
McPherson, G.R. 1981. Preliminary report: Investigations of Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, in Queensland waters. In: Grant, C.J & Walters, D.G (eds.), Northern Pelagic Fish Seminar, Australian Government Printing Series, Canberra. pp. 51-58.
McPherson, G.R. 1993. Reproductive biology of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson Lacèpéde, 1801) in Queensland waters. Asian Fisheries Science 6: 169-182.
Niamaimandi, N.; Arshad, A.; SitiKhalijah, D.S.; CheRoos, R. & Kiabi. B. 2007. Population dynamic of green tiger prawn, P. semisulcatus in Bushehr coastal waters, Persian Gulf. Fisheries Research 86: 105-112.
Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, Australia. 440p.
Snyder, D.E. 1985. Fish eggs and larvae. Nielson L.A. & Johnson, D.L. (eds.), Fisheries techniques, American Fisheries Society, Bathesda, Maryland, USA, pp. 165-197.
Valinasab, T.; Dehghani, R.; Mobarezi, A.; Hashemi, A. & Darianebard, R. 2012. Biomass estimation of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by Swept area method. Final report. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 328p.
References
Al-Oufi, H.S.; McLean, E.; Goddard, J.S.; Claereboudt, M.R.G. & Al-Akhzami, Y.K. 2002. The kingfish, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1801) in Oman: reproduction, feeding and stock identification. In: McLean, E. & Al-Oufi, H.S. (eds.), Contemporary issues in marine science and fisheries. Hasanuddin University Press, Makassar, pp. 1-17.
Bakhoum, S.A. 2007. Diet overlap of immigrant narrow–barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson and the largehead hairtail ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 30(2): 147-160.
Blaber, S.J.M.; Milton, D.A.; Rawlinson, N.J.F.; Tiroba, G. & Nichols, P.V. 1990. Diets of lagoon fishes of the Solomon Islands: predators of tuna baitfish and trophic effects of bait fishing on thesubsistence fishery. Fisheries Research 8: 263-286.
Claereboudt, M.R.G.; Al-Oufi. H.S.; McIlwain, J. & Goddard, J.S. 2004. Relationships between fishing gear, size frequency and reproductive patterns for the kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson Lacep`ede) fishery in the Gulf of Oman. In: Payne, A.I.L.; O’Brien, C.M. & Rogers, S.I. (eds.), Management of shared fish stocks, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 56-67.
Claereboudt, M.R.; McIlwain. J.L.; Al-Oufi, H.S. & Ambu-Ali. A.A. 2005. Patterns of reproduction and spawning of the kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacèpéde, 1801) in the coastal waters of the Sultanate of Oman. Fisheries Research 73: 273-282.
Collette, B.B. & Russo, J.L. 1984. Morphology, systematics, & biology of the Spanish mackerels (Scomberomorus, Scombridae). Fishery Bulletin 82: 545-689.
Collette, B.B. 1986. Scombridae (including Thunnidae, Scomberomoridae, Gasterochismatidae and Sardidae). In:Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. In: Whitehead, P.J.P.; Bauchot, M.L.; Hureau, J.C.; Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 981-997.
Collette, B.B. 2001. Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seer fishes, and wahoo). In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome, pp. 3721-3756.
Darvishi, M.; Kaymaram. F.; Salarpouri, A.; Behzadi, S. & Daghooghi, B. 2011. Population dynamic and biological aspects of Scombermorus commerson in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Iranian coastal). IOTC. WPNTO1: 23p.
Devaraj, M. 1983. Maturity, spawning and fecundity of the king seer, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1801), in the seas around the Indian Peninsula. Indian Journal of Fisheries 30: 203-230.
Dudley, R.G.; Aghanashinikar, A.P. & Brothers, E.B. 1992. Management of the Indo-Pacific Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in Oman. Fisheries Research 15: 17-43.
Euzen, E. 1987. Food habits and diet composition of some fish of Kuwait. Bulletin Science 9: 65-85.
Grandcourt, E.M.; Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. & Al-Shamsi, A.T. 2005. Preliminary assessment of the biology and fishery for the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1800). Fisheries Research 76: 277-290.
Iranian Fishery Organization. (2003-2012). The annual statistic of catches from southern part of country, the Persian Gulf. 74p.
Izadpanahi, G.R. 2012. Final report. The monitoring of hydrology and hydrobiology studies of the Persian Gulf (Iranian waters), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran-Iran: 170p. (In Farsi)
Jenkins, G.P.; Milward, N.F. & Hartwick, R.F. 1985. Occurrence of larvae of Spanish mackerels, Genus Scomberomorus (Teleostei; Scombridae), in shelf waters of the Great Barrier Reef. Austustralian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 635-640.
Kaymaram, F.; Hossainy, S.A.; Darvishi, M.; Talebzadeh, S.A. & Sadeghi, M.S. 2010. Reproduction and spawning patterns of the Scomberomorus commerson in the Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 9(2): 233-244.
Khorshidian, K. 2000. Comparative study of fishing fleet in Bushehr province. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran-Iran: 10-22. (In Farsi)
Mackie, M.C., Lewis, P.D.; Gaughan, D.J. & Newman, S.J. 2005. Variability in spawning frequency and reproductive development of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) along the west coast of Australia. Fishery bulletin 103: 344-354.
McPherson, G.R. 1981. Preliminary report: Investigations of Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, in Queensland waters. In: Grant, C.J & Walters, D.G (eds.), Northern Pelagic Fish Seminar, Australian Government Printing Series, Canberra. pp. 51-58.
McPherson, G.R. 1993. Reproductive biology of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson Lacèpéde, 1801) in Queensland waters. Asian Fisheries Science 6: 169-182.
Niamaimandi, N.; Arshad, A.; SitiKhalijah, D.S.; CheRoos, R. & Kiabi. B. 2007. Population dynamic of green tiger prawn, P. semisulcatus in Bushehr coastal waters, Persian Gulf. Fisheries Research 86: 105-112.
Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, Australia. 440p.
Snyder, D.E. 1985. Fish eggs and larvae. Nielson L.A. & Johnson, D.L. (eds.), Fisheries techniques, American Fisheries Society, Bathesda, Maryland, USA, pp. 165-197.
Valinasab, T.; Dehghani, R.; Mobarezi, A.; Hashemi, A. & Darianebard, R. 2012. Biomass estimation of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by Swept area method. Final report. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 328p.
Bakhoum, S.A. 2007. Diet overlap of immigrant narrow–barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson and the largehead hairtail ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 30(2): 147-160.
Blaber, S.J.M.; Milton, D.A.; Rawlinson, N.J.F.; Tiroba, G. & Nichols, P.V. 1990. Diets of lagoon fishes of the Solomon Islands: predators of tuna baitfish and trophic effects of bait fishing on thesubsistence fishery. Fisheries Research 8: 263-286.
Claereboudt, M.R.G.; Al-Oufi. H.S.; McIlwain, J. & Goddard, J.S. 2004. Relationships between fishing gear, size frequency and reproductive patterns for the kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson Lacep`ede) fishery in the Gulf of Oman. In: Payne, A.I.L.; O’Brien, C.M. & Rogers, S.I. (eds.), Management of shared fish stocks, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 56-67.
Claereboudt, M.R.; McIlwain. J.L.; Al-Oufi, H.S. & Ambu-Ali. A.A. 2005. Patterns of reproduction and spawning of the kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacèpéde, 1801) in the coastal waters of the Sultanate of Oman. Fisheries Research 73: 273-282.
Collette, B.B. & Russo, J.L. 1984. Morphology, systematics, & biology of the Spanish mackerels (Scomberomorus, Scombridae). Fishery Bulletin 82: 545-689.
Collette, B.B. 1986. Scombridae (including Thunnidae, Scomberomoridae, Gasterochismatidae and Sardidae). In:Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. In: Whitehead, P.J.P.; Bauchot, M.L.; Hureau, J.C.; Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 981-997.
Collette, B.B. 2001. Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seer fishes, and wahoo). In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome, pp. 3721-3756.
Darvishi, M.; Kaymaram. F.; Salarpouri, A.; Behzadi, S. & Daghooghi, B. 2011. Population dynamic and biological aspects of Scombermorus commerson in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Iranian coastal). IOTC. WPNTO1: 23p.
Devaraj, M. 1983. Maturity, spawning and fecundity of the king seer, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1801), in the seas around the Indian Peninsula. Indian Journal of Fisheries 30: 203-230.
Dudley, R.G.; Aghanashinikar, A.P. & Brothers, E.B. 1992. Management of the Indo-Pacific Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in Oman. Fisheries Research 15: 17-43.
Euzen, E. 1987. Food habits and diet composition of some fish of Kuwait. Bulletin Science 9: 65-85.
Grandcourt, E.M.; Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. & Al-Shamsi, A.T. 2005. Preliminary assessment of the biology and fishery for the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacèpéde, 1800). Fisheries Research 76: 277-290.
Iranian Fishery Organization. (2003-2012). The annual statistic of catches from southern part of country, the Persian Gulf. 74p.
Izadpanahi, G.R. 2012. Final report. The monitoring of hydrology and hydrobiology studies of the Persian Gulf (Iranian waters), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran-Iran: 170p. (In Farsi)
Jenkins, G.P.; Milward, N.F. & Hartwick, R.F. 1985. Occurrence of larvae of Spanish mackerels, Genus Scomberomorus (Teleostei; Scombridae), in shelf waters of the Great Barrier Reef. Austustralian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 635-640.
Kaymaram, F.; Hossainy, S.A.; Darvishi, M.; Talebzadeh, S.A. & Sadeghi, M.S. 2010. Reproduction and spawning patterns of the Scomberomorus commerson in the Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 9(2): 233-244.
Khorshidian, K. 2000. Comparative study of fishing fleet in Bushehr province. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran-Iran: 10-22. (In Farsi)
Mackie, M.C., Lewis, P.D.; Gaughan, D.J. & Newman, S.J. 2005. Variability in spawning frequency and reproductive development of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) along the west coast of Australia. Fishery bulletin 103: 344-354.
McPherson, G.R. 1981. Preliminary report: Investigations of Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, in Queensland waters. In: Grant, C.J & Walters, D.G (eds.), Northern Pelagic Fish Seminar, Australian Government Printing Series, Canberra. pp. 51-58.
McPherson, G.R. 1993. Reproductive biology of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson Lacèpéde, 1801) in Queensland waters. Asian Fisheries Science 6: 169-182.
Niamaimandi, N.; Arshad, A.; SitiKhalijah, D.S.; CheRoos, R. & Kiabi. B. 2007. Population dynamic of green tiger prawn, P. semisulcatus in Bushehr coastal waters, Persian Gulf. Fisheries Research 86: 105-112.
Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, Australia. 440p.
Snyder, D.E. 1985. Fish eggs and larvae. Nielson L.A. & Johnson, D.L. (eds.), Fisheries techniques, American Fisheries Society, Bathesda, Maryland, USA, pp. 165-197.
Valinasab, T.; Dehghani, R.; Mobarezi, A.; Hashemi, A. & Darianebard, R. 2012. Biomass estimation of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by Swept area method. Final report. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 328p.