نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مطالعات منطقه ای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

از سال 2017 نشانه‌های تشدید بحران مشروعیت دولت در فرانسه آغاز شد. این موضوع در جنبش جلیقه زردها نمود پیدا کرد. به نظر می‌رسد گسست هژمونیک مطرح شده در نظریه گرامشی، بتواند توضیح‌دهنده شرایط کنونی دولت فرانسه باشد. مراد از هژمونی، چیرگی مادی و معنوی یک طبقه بر طبقات دیگر است. این چیرگی باید ابعاد سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی را دربرگیرد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که تبدیل به عقل سلیم شود. اما به نظر می‌رسد در فرانسه، این کارویژه دولت مختل شده است و عقل سلیم زیر سؤال رفته است. وجهه همت این نوشتار پاسخ به این پرسش است که چگونه این گسست شکل گرفته و به بحران مشروعیت دولت انجامیده است؟ فرضیه پژوهش بر این مبنا است که تضعیف رابطه دولت و جامعه مدنی، سبب زیر سؤال رفتن عقل سلیم و بدکارکردی بلوک تاریخی و در نتیجه شکل‌گیری بحران ارگانیک در فرانسه دوره مکرون شده است. برای آزمون این فرضیه، موضوع در بستر مفهومی نظریه گرامشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش گردآوری داده‌ها  به طور توامان کتابخانه‌ای و مشاهده میدانی بوده است. روش پژوهش، کیفی و مبتنی بر دیالکتیک انتقادی و پراکسیس شناختی است که با متدولوژی گرامشی در یک راستا قرار دارد. برمبنای  آزمون فرضیه، یافته‌های این پژوهش مبین این امر است که بلوک تاریخی نئولیبرالیسم در فرانسه دچار گسست شده است و این مسئله به توانایی هژمون در بهره‌برداری از جامعه مدنی لطمه زده است. نتیجه این وضعیت بحران ارگانیکی است که از فقدان ابزار روشنفکری برای محقق کردن آگاهی سیاسی رنج می‌برد. به همین دلیل هژمون با دست زدن به جنگ موقعیت، وارد روند نوسازی خود شده است و شرایط کنونی گرچه سبب تضعیف هژمون شده است؛ اما درعین‌حال شرایط برای جنگ مانوری و ایجاد هژمونی جدید نیز فراهم نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Dehegemonization and Its Impact on The Crisis of Government Legitimacy in France (2017-2020)

نویسنده [English]

  • Roxana Niknami

Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Since 2017, there have been signs of an escalating crisis of government legitimacy in France. The dehegemonization in Gramsci's theory seems to explain the current state of the French government. Hegemony refers to the material and spiritual domination of one class over another. This domination must include political, economic, and social dimensions; In such a way that it becomes common sense. But in France, this feature of the government seems to have been disrupted and common sense questioned. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of how this rupture was formed and led to the crisis of government legitimacy? This article hypothesizes the weakening of the relationship between government and civil society led to the misfunctioning of common sense, the historical bloc, and the onset of the organic crisis in the form of the yellow vest movement. The method of data collection was both library and observation. Gramsci's theory of hegemony was used to test the hypothesis. Based on the qualitative research method of critical dialectics and cognitive praxis, it was found that the historical bloc of neoliberalism in France has interrupted, and this has damaged the hegemon's ability to use civil society. The result is an organic crisis that suffers from a lack of intellectual tools for political awareness. Consequently, the hegemon has entered the process of modernization by waging a position war, and the current situation, although it has weakened the hegemony; But there are no conditions for maneuvering war and creating a new hegemony.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Legitimacy Crisis
  • The Yellow Vests Movements
  • Gramsci
  • Hegemony
  • France
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