دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مذاکرات در عرصۀ روابط بین‌الملل، به‌ویژه با هدف حل‌وفصل مسالمت‌آمیز اختلافات بین‌المللی، می‌بایست با حسن نیت دنبال شود، چراکه انجام مذاکرات با حسن نیت به‌عنوان یک قاعدۀ بین‌المللی و در برخی موارد، پیش‌شرط لازم برای انعقاد معاهده یا انجام توافق است. هر زمان که توافق صریحی، برای انجام مذاکره وجود داشته باشد، چه عبارت «حسن نیت» در آن آمده باشد یا خیر، طرفین باید طبق اصل وفای به عهد، و مادۀ 26 عهدنامۀ وین حقوق معاهدات، با حسن نیت روند مذاکرات را دنبال کنند. بنابراین، اصل حسن نیت، حتی در مذاکرات داوطلبانه هم اعمال خواهد شد و حتی در صورت نبود توافق صریح بین طرفین، یا تعهد ذاتی در برخی از شاخه‌های حقوق بین‌الملل، باز هم رعایت این اصل حقوقی الزامی خواهد بود. می‌توان گفت در انواع تعهد به مذاکره، یعنی توافق برای مذاکره (تعهد به ‌وسیله)، و توافق برای انعقاد یک معاهده (تعهد به نتیجه)، طرفین صرف‌نظر از مبنای حقوقی تعهداتشان، باید خالصانه و هدفمند به انجام مذاکرات بپردازند و با حسن نیت برای رسیدن به نتایج مطلوب تلاش و مصالحه کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Obligation to Negotiation in Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aramesh Shahbazi 1
  • Mozhgan khosronezhad 2

1 Associate Prof., Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Allameh Tabatabai, Tehran. Iran.

2 M.A. Student, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Allameh Tabatabai, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Negotiations in the area of international relations, particularly with the aim of peaceful settlement of international disputes, should be done with good faith. This is because having negotiations with good faith is like an international rule and in some cases; it is the pre-requisite for a treaty or agreement. Whenever there is an explicit agreement for negotiating, whether the term "good faith" is used in it or not, the parties shall continue negotiations based on principle of pact sunt servanda, and Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties with good faith. However, the principle of good faith will be applied even in voluntary negotiations. In other words, even in the absence of an explicit agreement between the parties, or an inherent obligation in some branches of international law, comply with it will be essential. Thus, in both cases of the obligation to negotiate, the Pactum de Negotiando (obligation of conduct), and Pactum de contrahendo (obligation of the result), the parties, regardless of their legal obligations base, should be sincere and purposefully negotiate with good faith and compromise to achieve the desired results.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Obligation to Negotiation
  • Pactum de Negotiando
  • Pacta de Contrahendo
  • Obligation to Negotiation in Good Faith
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