نشریه مدیریت ورزشی

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مروری بر مطالعات استعدادیابی ورزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رفسنجان

2 استاد تمام گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه خوارزمی

چکیده

فراگیر شدن ورزش و اهمیت جایگاه آن در مناسبات بین‌المللی توجه فراوانی را از ناحیة دولت‌ها متوجه این پدیده ساخته است. موفقیت کشورها در میادین بین‌المللی ورزشی علاوه‌بر تأثیرات اجتماعی و اقتصادی، نمادی از ثبات و توانمندی‌های همه‌جانبة آن کشورها محسوب می‌شود و یکی از علل سرمایه‌گذاری بالای کشورها در ورزش قهرمانی و حرفه‌ای، از این مورد نشأت می‌گیرد. فرایند کشف ورزشکاران مستعد، برای شرکت در برنامۀ تمرینی سازماندهی‌شده، از مهم‌ترین موضوعاتی است که امروزه در ورزش مطرح است. این مقاله با مروری بر مطالعات صورت‌گرفته در حوزۀ استعدادیابی ورزشی به چالش‌ها، تنگناها و کمبودهای موجود در مسیر استعدادیابی علمی اشاره دارد. جست‌وجوی مقالات در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر مانند  PubMedو Science Direct  و همچنین SCOPUS و Springer با جست‌وجوی کلمات استعدادیابی در ورزش، شاخص‌های استعدادیابی در ورزش (ذاتی و اکتسابی) و الگوهای استعدادیابی انجام و بررسی نهایی روی بیش از 60 مقاله صورت پذیرفت. مطالعات حوزۀ استعدادیابی ورزشی نوپا بوده و هنوز الگوی مشخص و همه‌جانبه‌ای که دربرگیرندۀ همۀ ابعاد باشد، ارائه نشده است. تعداد معدودی از الگوها تأثیر شاخص‌های ذاتی مانند ژنتیک را در شناسایی استعداد ورزشی مناسب می‌دانند؛ درحالی‌که بیشتر پژوهش‌ها الگوهایی که مبتنی‌بر ارزشیابی مهارت بعد از آموزش هستند، تعیین‌کننده می‌دانند. دستۀ شایان توجه دیگری از مطالعات همزمان با در نظر گرفتن شاخص‌های مهارتی، بر شاخص‌های حوزه‌های فیزیولوژیکی، آنتروپومتریکی، بیومکانیکی و روانی نیز تکیه دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Sport Talent Identification Studies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadhossein Noori 1
  • Hydar Sadeghi 2

1 Assistant professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The pervasiveness of sports and the importance of its position in international events have attracted governments’ attention. Besides the social and economic effects, winning international sport competitions is assumed as a symbol of comprehensive stability and capabilities of countries. This winning is the reason why countries invest in professional and championship sports. So, the policy of detecting talented athletes to participate in an organized training program is of great importance in sports nowadays. This study reviewed the literature of sport talent identification and pointed to challenges, constraints and shortages existing in scientific talent identification process. The articles were searched in well-known databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct and Springer with the following keywords: talent identification in sport, talent identification criteria (innate or acquired) and talent identification patterns. Ultimately, more than 60 articles were reviewed. The studies in sport talent identification are new and a specific and inclusive pattern which covers all dimensions has not yet provided. A few patterns consider the effect of innate criteria such as genetics as suitable for talent identification in sport while most researches recognize those patterns based on skill assessment after training as determinants. Several other studies focus on skill criteria along with physiological, anthropometric, biomechanical and psychological criteria.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • athletes
  • elite athlete normalization
  • talent identification criteria
  • talent identification in sport
  • talent identification patterns
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نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
دوره 10، شماره 2
تیر 1397
صفحه 400-387
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 آذر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 دی 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 مرداد 1396
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