نقش نظام پایگان آب در شکل‌دهی به فرم و ساختار شهرها (مطالعه‌ی موردی: شهر ارومیه)

نوع مقاله : مقالات مستقل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان.

2 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

مقدمه: در شهرسازی و معماری ایرانی تقریباً همه عناصر و فضاهای معماری و شهرسازی ازجمله خانه، مسجد، بازار و حتی معابر به نحوی با آب مرتبط بوده‌اند. بسیاری از عناصر معماری و شهرسازی برای نگهداری و توزیع و مصرف آب به وجود می‌آمدند ازجمل  مهم‌ترین این عناصر، آسیاب‌ها، قنات‌ها، حمام‌ها، محلات، مساجد و باغ‌ها هستن؛  بنابراین بررسی نقش آب در شکل‌گیری فضاهای شهری در شهرهای ایران ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است.هدف پژوهش :  هدف اساسی در پژوهش حاضر بررسی نظام آبیاری و نحوه‌ی تأمین آب در شهر ارومیه به‌عنوان نمونه موردی است.روش‌شناسی تحقیق:  پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحلیلی، پیمایشی و تاریخی و در قالب مطالعه‌ای ترکیبی (کمی و کیفی) در 2 بخش به بررسی نحوه تعامل شهر ارومیه با نظام آبی پرداخته است. بخش نخست شامل مطالعات اسنادی و پیرامون شهر ارومیه و آب است و بخش دوم شامل مطالعه میدانی است. قلمرو جغرافیایی پژوهش :  قلمرو جغرافیایی پژوهش حاضر، شهر ارومیه، مرکز استان آذربایجان غربی است. یافته‌ها و بحث: یافته‌های پژوهش گواه این موضوع است که به دلیل اهمیت آب و به‌منظور بهره‌مندی همه‌ی افراد از آن، نقش‌ها و روابط اجتماعی گسترده و دقیقی از طریق سازوکار فرهنگی ایجاد شده‌اند که این‌ها خود بخشی از فرهنگ مردم ارومیه را تحت تأثیر قرار داده‌اند. نتایج:  نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که گردش و چخش شدن آب از مجموعه مسیر قنات، نهرهای روگذر، گرمابه‌ها و مساجد تشکیل شده است و چگونگی توسعه و شکل‌گیری شهر ارومیه که  شامل استقرار محلات، خانه‌ها و سایر بناهای  شهری عمومی می‌شود، منطبـق و در راستای مؤلفه‌های شکل‌دهنده به این نظام گردش و تقسیم آب بوده است. درنتیجه‌ی شکل‌گیری و توسعه ارومیه، وابسته به‌نظام آبیاری و سیستم پایگان آب بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Water System in Forming Urban Structures: A Case Study on Urmia City

نویسندگان [English]

  • kyoumars habibi 1
  • امین خلیلی 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
2 Postgraduate of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In Iranian urban planning and architecture, almost all elements and spaces of architecture and urban planning, including houses, mosques, bazaars and even passages have had a relationship with water in some ways. Moreover, several architectural and urban elements have been created for the storage, distribution and consumption of water, the most important of which are mills, aqueducts, baths, neighborhoods, mosques and gardens. Therefore, studying the role of water in the formation of urban spaces in Iranian cities is an undeniable necessity. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the irrigation system and water supply in the city of Urmia as a case study. The present study has used analytical, survey and historical methods taking a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) in two parts to investigate the role of water system in forming the urban structures in Urmia. The first part includes documentary studies about the city of Urmia and water, and the second part includes field studies.  The geographical area of ​​the present study is the city of Urmia, the capital of West Azerbaijan Province. The findings of the present research prove that due to the importance of water and for all people to benefit from it, extensive and precise roles and social relations have been created through cultural mechanisms, which in turn affect some parts of the culture of the people of Urmia. The results of the present study show the circulation and distribution of water through aqueducts, overpasses, baths and mosques as well as the development and formation of the city of Urmia, including the establishment of its neighborhoods, houses and other public buildings. These findings are consistent with the components forming the circulation and distribution of water. As a result, the formation and development of Urmia depends on the irrigation and water systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urmia City
  • irrigation system
  • old texture
  • architectural elements
  • urban planning
 
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