We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Skip main navigation
Aging Health
Bioelectronics in Medicine
Biomarkers in Medicine
Breast Cancer Management
CNS Oncology
Colorectal Cancer
Concussion
Epigenomics
Future Cardiology
Future Medicine AI
Future Microbiology
Future Neurology
Future Oncology
Future Rare Diseases
Future Virology
Hepatic Oncology
HIV Therapy
Immunotherapy
International Journal of Endocrine Oncology
International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine
Lung Cancer Management
Melanoma Management
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Pain Management
Pediatric Health
Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Regenerative Medicine

Association of serum elabela levels with carotid artery stenosis in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke

    Ferhat Dindas

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +90 506 875 6700;

    E-mail Address: frhtys@hotmail.com

    Department of Cardiology, Usak University, Training & Research Hospital, Usak, 64000, Turkey

    ,
    Ilhan Koyuncu

    Department of Cardiology, Usak University, Training & Research Hospital, Usak, 64000, Turkey

    ,
    Levent Ocek

    Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences Izmir Tepecik Training & Research Hospital, Izmir, 35460, Turkey

    ,
    Ali V Ozdemir

    Department of Biochemistry, Usak University, Training & Research Hospital, Usak, 64000, Turkey

    ,
    Hakan Yılmaz

    Department of Radiology, Usak University, Training & Research Hospital, Usak, 64000, Turkey

    ,
    Ozge O Abacıoglu

    University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice & Research Center, Adana, 01000, Turkey

    ,
    Arafat Yıldırım

    University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice & Research Center, Adana, 01000, Turkey

    ,
    Mustafa Yenercag

    Department of Cardiology, Ordu University, Training & Research Hospital, Ordu, 52200, Turkey

    &
    Mustafa Dogdus

    Department of Cardiology, Usak University, Training & Research Hospital, Usak, 64000, Turkey

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2021-0865

    Aim: Elabela (ELA) is a peptide of the apelinergic system and is known to play a role in endothelial homeostasis and vascular pathobiology. In this study, the relationship between carotid artery stenosis, which is the main culprit, and ELA level in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke was investigated. Materials & methods: Cross-sectional observation included two groups of 40 patients with critical carotid artery stenosis and 40 patients with age–sex matched noncritical carotid artery stenosis. Results: ELA levels were significantly higher in the noncritical stenosis group. ELA had a significantly moderate negative correlation with the carotid score (r = -0.334, p = 0.003), maximal carotid plaque length (r = -0.413, p < 0.001) and degree of stenosis (r = -0.397, p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant inverse correlation between critical carotid artery disease and ELA level in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke.

    References

    • 1. Johnston SC, Mendis S, Mathers CD. Global variation in stroke burden and mortality: estimates from monitoring, surveillance, and modelling. Lancet Neurol. 8, 345–354 (2009).
    • 2. Ay H, Benner T, Arsava EM et al. A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the causative classification of stroke system. Stroke 38, 2979–2984 (2007).
    • 3. Linden B. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NG128 stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. British J. Cardiac Nursing 15, 1–5 (2020).
    • 4. Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP et al. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 1262–1275 (2000).
    • 5. Chng SC, Ho L, Tian J et al. Elabela: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor. Dev. Cell 27, 672–680 (2013).
    • 6. Yang P, Read C, Kuc RE et al. Elabela/toddler is an endogenous agonist of the apelin apj receptor in the adult cardiovascular system, and exogenous administration of the peptide compensates for the down-regulation of its expression in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 135, 1160–1173 (2017).
    • 7. Li C, Miao X, Wang S et al. Elabela may regulate SIRT3-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress through foxo3a deacetylation preventing diabetic-induced myocardial injury. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 25, 323–332 (2021).
    • 8. Wang X, Liang G, Guo Q et al. Elabela improves endothelial cell function via the ELA-APJ axis by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 47, 1953–1964 (2020).
    • 9. Ma Z, Zhao L, Martin S et al. Lower plasma elabela levels in hypertensive patients with heart failure predict the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events: a preliminary study. Front Cardiovasc. Med. 8, 638468 (2021).
    • 10. DU SL, Yang XC, Zhong JC et al. Plasma levels of elabela are associated with coronary angiographic severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J. Geriatr. Cardiol. 17, 674–679 (2020).
    • 11. Kaplan M, Yavuz F, Kaplan GI, Bursa N, Vuruşkan E, Sucu M. Elabela as a novel marker: well-correlated with WIfI amputation risk score in lower extremity arterial disease patients. Anatol. J. Cardiol. 25, 330–337 (2021).
    • 12. Barnett HJM, Taylor DW, Haynes RB et al. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 325, 445–453 (1991).
    • 13. Nakahashi T, Tada H, Sakata K et al. Additive prognostic value of carotid plaque score to enhance the age, creatinine, and ejection fraction score in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 25, 709–719 (2018).
    • 14. Steinvil A, Sadeh B, Arbel Y et al. Prevalence and predictors of concomitant carotid and coronary artery atherosclerotic disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57, 779–783 (2011).
    • 15. Yuan C, Yip SP, Wu VW et al. Association between genetic polymorphisms and carotid atherosclerosis in patients treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiat. Oncol. 10, 39 (2015).
    • 16. Tang W, Shen X, Li H et al. The independent and incremental value of ultrasound carotid plaque length to predict the presence and severity of coronary artery disease: analysis from the carotid plaque length prospective registry. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 21, 389–396 (2020).
    • 17. Pitkin SL, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE et al. Modulation of the apelin/APJ system in heart failure and atherosclerosis in man. Br. J. Pharmacol. 160, 1785–1795 (2010).
    • 18. Kleinz MJ, Davenport AP. Immunocytochemical localization of the endogenous vasoactive peptide apelin to human vascular and endocardial endothelial cells. Regul. Pept. 118, 119–125 (2004).
    • 19. Cox CM, D'Agostino SL, Miller MK et al. Apelin, the ligand for the endothelial G-protein-coupled receptor, APJ, is a potent angiogenic factor required for normal vascular development of the frog embryo. Dev. Biol. 296, 177–189 (2006).
    • 20. Masoud AG, Lin J, Azad AK et al. Apelin directs endothelial cell differentiation and vascular repair following immune-mediated injury. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 94–107 (2020).
    • 21. Wang W, Shen M, Fischer C et al. Apelin protects against abdominal aortic aneurysm and the therapeutic role of neutral endopeptidase resistant apelin analogs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 13006–13015 (2019).
    • 22. Tang R, Wang R, Ao X et al. Plasma level of apelin and carotid atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Chinese 42, 617–622 (2017).
    • 23. Topsakal S, Akin F, Turgut S et al. Relationship of apelin, procalcitonin, and fetuin-A concentrations with carotid intima-media thickness in acromegaly. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 52, 456–461 (2015).
    • 24. Gunter S, Solomon A, Tsang L et al. Apelin concentrations are associated with altered atherosclerotic plaque stability mediator levels and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Atherosclerosis 256, 75–81 (2017).
    • 25. Zhou Y, Wang Y, Qiao S. Apelin: a potential marker of coronary artery stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque stability in ACS patients. Int. Heart J. 55, 204–212 (2014).
    • 26. Sabry RN, El Wakeel MA, El-Kassas GM et al. Serum apelin: a new marker of early atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 6, 613–617 (2018).
    • 27. Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, 168–175 (2003).
    • 28. Bokuda K, Morimoto S, Seki Y et al. Greater reductions in plasma aldosterone with aliskiren in hypertensive patients with higher soluble (pro)renin receptor level. Hypertens. Res. 41, 435–444 (2018).
    • 29. Xu C, Wang F, Chen Y et al. Elabela antagonizes intrarenal renin-angiotensin system to lower blood pressure and protects against renal injury. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 318, 1122–1135 (2020).
    • 30. Panaitescu B, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N et al. Elabela plasma concentrations are increased in women with late-onset pre-eclampsia. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 33, 5–15 (2020).
    • 31. Deng C, Chen H, Yang N et al. Apela Regulates Fluid Homeostasis by Binding to the APJ Receptor to Activate Gi Signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 18261–18268 (2015).
    • 32. Rikitake Y. The apelin/APJ system in the regulation of vascular tone: friend or foe? J. Biochem. 169, 383–386 (2021).
    • 33. Cheng J, Luo X, Huang Z et al. Apelin/APJ system: a potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 234, 12149–12160 (2019).
    • 34. Xu C. The elabela in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and pre-eclampsia: an update. J. Hypertens. 39, 12–22 (2021).
    • 35. Chong KS, Gardner RS, Ashley EA, Dargie HJ, McDonagh TA. Emerging role of the apelin system in cardiovascular homeostasis. Biomark. Med. 1, 37–43 (2007).