Viability of fibroblast cells on the clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves ethanol extract

Anindhita Cindy Felicia; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman; Natallia Pranata

doi:10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.21236

Viability of fibroblast cells on the clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves ethanol extract

Anindhita Cindy Felicia, Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman, Natallia Pranata

Abstract

Introduction: Various active compounds of herbal plants that are known to accelerate the wound healing process are flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. One amongst them is clove (Syzygium aromaticum), with the leaves as the most common part to be used as herbal medicine due to the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the use of the biocompatibility of clove leaves as herbal medicine is still unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the cytotoxicity effects of clove leaves ethanol extract on the fibroblast cells and safe dosage (IC₅₀) for medicinal use. Methods: Phytochemical tests using the Farnsworth method and viability test was performed using the laboratory experimental with post-test only control group design. The samples were divided into seven concentrations; 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, and 7.81 μg/ml, with three repetitions (triplo) towards the fibroblast cells. Viability test was performed using MTS assay. Results: Based on the results obtained from one-way ANOVA statistical test, there was a significant difference between the percentage of cell viability and each concentration (α ≤ 0.05), with IC₅₀ value of 344.814 μg/ml. Conclusion: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves ethanol extract showed a high percentage of cell viability at the concentrations below the IC₅₀ value.

Keywords: Clove leaves, cytotoxicity, fibroblast cell, MTS assay, periodontal diseases, viability.

Keywords

Clove leaves, cytotoxicity, fibroblast cell, MTS assay, periodontal diseases, viability.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Pratiwi EW, Praharani D, Mahdiyah Y. Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Adhesi Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis pada Neutrofil. e-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehat. 2015;3(2):193–8.

Vargas SAI, Ilyina A, Segura CEP, Silva BY, Méndez GL. Etiology and Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases: A Review. African J Microbiol Res. 2015; 9(48): 2300–6. DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2015.7609

Wibowo N., Comariyati N. Pengaruh Olesan Minyak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Proses Penyembuhan Luka Insisi pada Hewan Coba Mencit (mus musculus) strain Balb/ c. J Keperawatan Muhammadiyah. 2017;2(1):1–3.

Fatimahtuzzahroh, Firani NK, Kritianto H. Efektifitas Ekstrak Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Jumlah Pembuluh Darah Kapiler pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Insisi Fase Proliferasi. Maj Kesehat FKUB. 2015;2(2):92–8.

Prema R, Sekaran D, Sekar S, Bannoth K, Sekhar C. In vitro Cytotoxicity Study on Combined Plants Extracts (Cissus quadrangularis and Aegle marmelos). Eur J Exp Biol. 2012;2(4):882–8.

Kuete V, Fankam AG, Wiench B, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and Modes of Action of the Methanol Extracts of Six Cameroonian Medicinal Plants against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:1–10.

Razafimamonjison G, Jahiel M, Duclos T, Ramanoelina P. Bud, Leaf and Stem Essential Oil Composition of Syzygium aromaticum from Madagascar, Indonesia and Zanzibar. Int J Basic Appl Sci. 2014;3(3):224–33.

Vizhi D, Irulandi K, Mehalingam P, Kumar N. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Fruits of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry - An Important Medicinal Plant. J Phytopharm. 2016;5(4):137–40.

Wael S, Mahulette F, Watuguly TW, Wahyudi D. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Limfosit dan Makrofag Mencit Balb/C. Tradit Med J. 2018;23(2):79–83.

Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: An overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016;5:1–15.

Szemraj J, Krzyzowska M, Czupryn M, Celichowski G, Zmigrodzka M, Antos-Bielska M, et al. Tannic Acid-modified Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Healing: The Importance of Size. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;Volume 13:991–1007.

Soni H, Singhai AK. A Recent Update of Botanicals for Wound Healing Activity. Int Res J Pharm. 2012;3(7):1–7.

Kim YS, Cho IH, Jeong MJ, Jeong SJ, Nah SY, Cho YS, et al. Therapeutic Effect of Total Ginseng Saponin on Skin Wound Healing. J Ginseng Res. 2011;35(3):360–7.

Prashar A, Locke IC, Evans CS. Cytotoxicity of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Oil and Its Major Components to Human Skin Cells. Cell Prolif. 2006; 39(4): 241–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2006.00384.x

Khunkitti W, Veerapan P, Hahnvajanawong C. In Vitro Bioactivities of Clove Buds Oil (Eugenia caryophyllata) and Its Effect on Dermal Fibroblast. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012; 4: 3–7.

Aslantürk Ö. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Assays: Principles, Advantages, and Disadvantages. In: Genotoxicity - A Predictable Risk to Our Actual World. 2018. p. 1–18.

Tonder JJ. Development of an In Vitro Mechanistic Toxicity Screening Model Using Cultured Hepatocytes. UPSpace Institutional Repository. University of Pretoria; 2011.