초록

The aim of this study was to examine the use of herbal and/or traditional products supplements and doping tests among elite athletes. A questionnaire, which sought prevalence of the use of herbal/traditional products, the reason for taking supplements by the informants, information on demographical parameters, type of supplements, and doping consciousness, were completed by 228 athletes from 14 sport disciplines. Samples of the blood of 10 athletes were collected after they took herbal and/or traditional products, using the multi-stratified cluster random sampling method and were analysed by the doping control center in the KIST. The prevalence of oriental medicine usage is 53.5% (male) and 62.2% (female), and the reason for taking supplements was to improve recovery ability after exercise and training rather than to control conditioning. Relative gender-significant differences were observed in the subjects (male: self, female: parents) and doping consciousness (male: 73.7%, female: 31.4%). Tests of all the samples, according to the regulations of WADA anti-doping code, showed negative responses in 9 items and 210 substances. In conclusion, many herbal and/or traditional products were used as ergogenic aids despite a lack of evidence to support such claims. Moreover, there was difference between the doping consciousness levels in male and female. It was suggested that female athletes might need to increase their doping consciousness level

키워드

Oriental medicine, WADA, Antidoping code, Doping consciousness

참고문헌(33)open

  1. [학술지] Ahrendt,D.M / 2001 / Ergogenic aids: counseling the athlete / Am. Fam. Physician 63 (5) : 913 ~ 922

  2. [학술지] Brill, J. B. / 1994 / Supplementation patterns of competitive male and female bodybuilders / Int. J. Sport Nutr. 4 (4) : 398 ~ 412

  3. [학술지] Burke, L. M. / 1996 / Muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise: effect of the frequency of carbohydrate feedings / Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64 (1) : 115 ~ 119

  4. [학술지] 천윤석 / 2005 / 유도 선수들의 운동 영양 보조물 섭취형태와 도핑 의식 / Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry 9 (3) : 247 ~ 252

  5. [학술지] 천윤석 / 2008 / 국가대표 유도선수들의 운동영양 보조물 섭취형태와 도핑의식의 종단적 연구:2003년, 2005년, 2007년 비교 / 한국체육학회지 47 (1) : 479 ~ 488

  6. [학술지] Delbeke, F. T. / 2002 / Prohormones and sport / J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 83 (1) : 245 ~ 251

  7. [단행본] Driskell, J. A. / 2005 / Sports nutrition: vitamins and trace elements / Taylor & Francis

  8. [학술지] Erdman, K. A. / 2007 / Dietary supplementation of high-performance Canadian athletes by age and gender / Clin. J. Sport Med. 17 (6) : 458 ~ 464

  9. [학술지] Erdman, K. A. / 2006 / Influence of performance level on dietary supplementation in elite Canadian athletes / Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 38 (2) : 349 ~ 356

  10. [인터넷자료] US Food and Drug Administration Web site / Food and Drug Administration Task Force on Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition Year

  11. [학술지] Haymes,E.M / 1991 / Vitamin and mineral supplementation to athletes / Int. J. Sport Nutr. 1 (2) : 146 ~ 169

  12. [단행본] Hollenstein,J / 2007 / Understanding dietary supplements / University Press of Mississippi

  13. [인터넷자료] The Independent / Olympic/Barcelona 1992-Round-Up: Wu is first to fail drug test. The Independent

  14. [학술지] Ivy, J. L. / 1988 / Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion / J. Appl. Physiol. 64 (4) : 1480 ~ 1485

  15. [학술지] Ivy, J. L. / 1988 / Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion / J. Appl. Physiol. 65 (5) : 2018 ~ 2023

  16. [학술지] Jentjens, R. / 2003 / Determinants of post-exercise glycogen synthesis during short-term recovery / Sports Med. 33 (2) : 117 ~ 144

  17. [학술지] 김종규 / 2004 / 국가대표 유도선수들의 운동영양 보조물 섭취 형태 및 도핑의식 / 한국체육학회지 43 (6) : 545 ~ 552

  18. [학술지] Kindlundh, A. M. / 1998 / Doping among high school students in Uppsala, Sweden: A presentation of the attitudes, distribution, side effects, and extent of use / Scand. J. Soc. Med. 26 (1) : 71 ~ 74

  19. [기타] Korean Olympic Committee / 2005 / 2005-2006 Anti-Doping Guidelines / Div. Sports Med. Sci. : 3 ~ 15

  20. [학술지] Laure,P / 1997 / Epidemiologic approach of doping in sport / J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 37 (3) : 218 ~ 224

  21. [기타] Lee, Y. S. / 1989 / Anti-doping substances in traditional herbal supplements / KISS Ann. Res. Rep. : 1 ~ 27

  22. [학술지] Lukaski,H.C / 2004 / Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance / Nutrition 20 (7) : 632 ~ 644

  23. [학술지] Massad, S. J. / 1995 / High school athletes and nutritional supplements: a study of knowledge and use / Int. J. Sport Nutr. 5 (3) : 232 ~ 245

  24. [학술지] Nieman, D. C. / 1989 / Supplementation patterns in marathon runners / J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 89 (11) : 1615 ~ 1619

  25. [학술지] Powers, S. K. / 2004 / Dietary antioxidants and exercise / J. Sports Sci. 22 (1) : 81 ~ 94

  26. [학술지] Ronsen, O. / 1999 / Supplement use and nutritional habits in Norwegian elite athletes / Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 9 (1) : 28 ~ 35

  27. [학술지] Sobal, J. / 1994 / Vitamin/mineral supplement use among athletes: a review of the literature / Int. J. Sport Nutr. 4 (4) : 320 ~ 334

  28. [학술지] Sobal, J. / 1994 / Vitamin/mineral supplement use among high school athletes / Adolescence 29 (116) : 835 ~ 843

  29. [학술지] Sundgot-Borgen, J. / 2003 / Nutritional supplements in Norwegian elite athletes--impact of international ranking and advisors / Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 13 (2) : 138 ~ 144

  30. [학술지] Tian, H. H. / 2009 / Nutritional supplement use among university athletes in Singapore / Singapore Med. J. 50 (2) : 165 ~ 172

  31. [학술지] Tokish, J. M. / 2004 / Ergogenic aids: a review of basic science, performance, side effects, and status in sports / Am. J. Sports Med. 32 (6) : 1543 ~ 1553

  32. [학술지] Woolf, K. / 2006 / B-vitamins and exercise: does exercise alter requirements? / Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 16 (5) : 453 ~ 484

  33. [인터넷자료] Yonhap News / North Korean Kim Jung Soo, 'Doping Positive' 'Medal Lifted'