Effects of Asheitu Adams Bitters Polyherbal Formulation on The Carbohydrate Biomarkers, Body Weight, and Blood Glucose Level of Diabetic Wistar Rats.
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.28
Keywords:
Asheitu Adams Bitters, Diabetes mellitus, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Glucose transporter 2, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.Abstract
The number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) today has been growing and causing increasing concerns to the public. Africans are now using medicinal plants as an alternative to conventional drugs. The combination of this medicinal plant gives rise to polyherbal drugs in which Asheitu Adams bitter (AABs) polyherbal formulation is one. This drug has been claimed to treat DM without any empirical data to support such claim. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of AABs formulation on the body weight, blood glucose level, and its expression pattern on Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) genes of Wistar rats. AABs polyherbal was screened for various phytochemicals. Rats were given different treatments at different concentrations and their body weights and blood glucose levels were monitored for 28 days. Gene expression profiling was used to analyze the expression pattern of GLP-1, G6PD, and GLUT2 genes in the rats. The blood glucose level of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with AABs at 30mg/kg was reduced to almost normal. Though, the polyherbal has no significant effect on the body weight of the treated rats. AABs polyherbal treated rats showed up-regulation of GLP-1 and GLUT2 genes in the intestinal crypt and a down- and up-regulation of the G6PD gene in the kidney and liver respectively. AABs polyherbal formulation is able to regulate GLP-1, GLUT2, and G6PD genes and bring them close to normal in diabetics which may be due to its ability to lower blood glucose at 30 mg/kg body weight.
References
Diabetes. World Health Organization. [Online]. 2020. [cited 06 Mar 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/diabetes#tab=tab_1.
Diabetes Fact Sheet No312. World Health Organization. [Online]. 2013. [cited 06 Mar 2021]. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. (9thed.). Inís Communication; 2019. 10-17 p.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. What is diabetes? [Online]. 2021. [cited 06 Mar 2021]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/healthinformation/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes.
Pouya S, Inga P, Paraskevi S, Belma M, Suvi K, Nigel U, Stephen C, Leonor G, Ayesha AM, Katherine O, Jonathan ES, Dominic B, Rhys W, IDF. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th ed. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019; 157(107843):2.
Davis K, William U, Angus GJ, Liam S, Andrew TH, Moffat JN. Understanding the manifestation of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa to inform therapeutic approaches and preventive strategies: a narrative review. Clin. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 5(2):1.
Wesam K, Maryam F, Zahra A, Damoon A, Majid A. The role of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes: a systematic review. E Physician. 2016; 8(1):1832.
Is there a cure for diabetes? [Online]. 2021. [cited 06 Jun 2021] Available from: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/is-there-acure.
Diabetes. Wikipedia. [Online]. 2021. [cited 06 Mar 2021] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes.
Dey L, Attele AS, Yuan CS. Alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes. Altern Med Rev. 2002; 7:45-58.
Ezekwesili-Ofili JO and Okaka AN. Herbal Medicines in African Traditional Medicine. Intechopen. 2019. 194 p.
Tran N, Pham B and Le L. Bioactive Compounds in AntiDiabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Biology. 2020; 9(9):4
Polyherbal Formulation. Wikipedia. [Online]. 2019. [cited 14 Mar 2021].
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyherbal_formulation.
Kujur RS, Singh V, Ram M, Yadava HN, Singh KK, Kumari S, Roy BK. Antidiabetic activity and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacogn Res. 2010; 2:4.
Ajiboye BO, Ibukun EO, Edobor G, Ojo AO, Onikanni SA. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in senecio biafrae leaf. Int J Inv Pharm Sci. 2013; 1(5):428-432.
National Institutes of Health. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Research Council (US)
Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. (8th ed.). Natl Acad Sci. U.S.A: National Academies Press (US). 2011. 1-209 p.
Islam MS and Wilson RD. Experimentally induced rodent models of type 2 diabetes. In: Animal Models in Diabetes Research. Humana Press, New York. 2012; 161-174 p.
Ghasemi A, Khalifi S, Jedi SS. Streptozotocinnicotinamide-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol Hung. 2014; 101(4):408-420.
Fatemeh F, Mohammad RM, Fatemeh F. A Mechanistic Review on Medicinal Plants Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Traditional Persian Medicine. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med. 2016; 22(4):945.
Gandhi GR and Sasikumar P. Antidiabetic effect of Merremia emarginata Burm. F. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(4):285.
El Barky AR, Hussein SA, Alm-Eldeen A, Hafez VA, Mohamed TM. Saponins and their potential role in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Manag. 2017; 7(1):148-158.
Patel DK, Prasad SK, Kumar R, Hemalath S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(4):320-330.
Nauck MA, Vardarli I, Meier JJ. Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Meb. 2018; 20 (1):5-21.
Duttaroy A, Zimliki CL, Gautam D, Cui Y, Mears D. Muscarinic stimulation of pancreatic insulin and glucagon release is abolished in m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. Diabetes. 2004; 53:1714-1720.
Tonne JM, Sakuma T, Deeds MC, Munoz-Gomez M, Barry MA, Kudva YC, Iked Y. Global gene expression profiling of pancreatic islets in mice during streptozotocin-induced β-cell damage and pancreatic Glp-1 gene therapy. Dis. Model Mech. 2013; 6(5):1236-1245.
Al-Shaqha WM, Khan M, Salam N, Azzi A, Chaudhary AA. Anti-diabetic potential of Catharanthus roseus Linn.and its effect on the glucose transport gene (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. BMC Compl Altern Med. 2015; 15:379.
Chadt A and Al-Hasani H. Glucose transporters in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle in metabolic health and disease. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol. 2020; 472:1273-1298.
Marks J, Carvou NJ, Debnam ES, Srai SK, Unwin RJ. Diabetes increases facilitative glucose uptake and GLUT2 expression at the rat proximal tubule brush border membrane. J Physiol. 2003; 553(1):137-145.
Tiwari M. Glucose 6 phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) and neurodegenerative disorders: Mapping diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis. 2017; 4:196-203.
Bhat M, Kothiwale SK, Tirmale AR, Bhargava SY, Joshi BN. Antidiabetic properties of Azardiracta indica and Bougainvillea spectabilis: in vivo studies in murine Diabetes model. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med. 2011; 2011:561625.
Ramachandran B, Kandaswamy M, Narayanan V, Subramanian S. Insulin mimetic effects of macrocyclic binuclear oxovanadium complexes on streptozotocininduced experimental diabetes in rats. Obes Metab. 2003; 5: 455-461.
Adekomi DA, Ibiyeye RY, Popoola AN, Oyesomi OT. Activities of G-6-PDH and LDH in the Kidney, Liver and Pancreas of Adult Wistar Rats Following the Administration of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Asian J Cell Biol. 2011; 6:81-88.
Al-Attar AM, and Alsalmi FA. Effect of Olea europaea leaves extract on streptozotocin induced diabetes in male albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019; 26(2019):122-123.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
