بررسی پاسخ‌های رشدی، عملکردی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی .Valeriana officinalis L به کاربرد کودهای اوره، نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور-2
محورهای موضوعی :
اکولوژی محیطی
مهدی حیدری رهنی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، ، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران)
محمد نصری
2
(استادیار، گروه زراعت و آگرواکولوژی، ، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران)
یوسف فیلی زاده
3
(استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران)
پورنگ کسرایی
4
(استادیار، گروه زراعت و آگرواکولوژی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران)
پژمان آزادی
5
(استادیار، گروه زراعت و آگرواکولوژی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،، ورامین، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/07/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/12
کلید واژه:
اوره,
عملکرد ریشه,
اسانس,
کود,
نیتروکسین,
سنبل‌الطیب,
والرنیک اسید,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق به منظور مطالعه پاسخ های رشدی، عملکردی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی سنبل‌الطیب (Valeriana officinalis L.) به کاربرد غلظت های مختلف کود اوره (صفر، 30، 60، 90 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور-2، آزمایشی در مزرعه گیاهان دارویی، تهران به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. کشت نشاء در اواسط اردیبهشت و اعمال تیمار کود اوره در دو مرحله انجام شد. برای اندازه گیری عملکرد ریشه و بیولوژیک، یک مترمربع از هر کرت برداشت و وزن اندام هوایی و ریشه خشک اندازه گیری و مجموع این دو به‌عنوان عملکرد بیولوژیک محاسبه شد. استخراج اسانس ریشه و ریزوم از روش تقطیر با آب (کلونجر) و میزان والرنیک اسید با کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا (HPLC) صورت گرفت. همچنین عملکرد اسانس براساس درصد اسانس و عملکرد خشک ریشه محاسبه شد. میانگین قطر ریشه از 97/7 (90 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار) تا 14/5 میلی متر (شاهد) متغیر بود. بیشترین عملکرد ریشه در 150 و 90 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار به همراه تلقیح با نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور-2 (به ترتیب 88/4 و 1/5 تن در هکتار) به دست آمد. کاربرد 90 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار همراه با نیتروکسین، افزایش محتوای کلروفیل b و کل را در پی داشت. افزایش غلظت اوره منجر به کاهش محتوای اسانس و افزایش عملکرد اسانس شد. محتوای اسانس از 93/0 (90 کیلوگرم اوره به همراه نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور-2) تا 94/1 درصد (عدم کاربرد کود) متغیر بود. بیشترین محتوای والرنیک اسید (46/0 درصد عصاره) و عملکرد والرنیک اسید (27/220 میلی گرم بر هکتار) در استفاده از 30 کیلوگرم اوره به همراه فسفات بارور-2 و عدم کاربرد نیتروکسین مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، کاربرد کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور-2 به همراه 90 کیلوگرم اوره با بهبود صفات رشدی، عملکردی و فیزیولوژیکی منجر به تولید عملکرد اسانس و والرنیک اسید قابل قبولی شدند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In the study, to survey the growth, yield, and physiological responses of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) using different concentrations of urea fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90, and 150 kg.ha-1) and nitroxin and phosphate Barvar-2 bio-fertilizers, an experiment was conducted in medicinal Plants farm, Tehran, as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2019-2020 crop year. Seedling cultivation was carried out in mid-May and urea fertilizer treatment was performed in two stages. To measure root and biological yield, one square meter was harvested from each plot and the dry weight of shoot and root was measured and the sum of these two was calculated as biological yield. Root and rhizome essential oils were extracted by water distillation (Clevenger) and valerenic acid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Essential oil yield was also calculated based on the essential oil percentage and dry root yield. The average root diameter varied from 7.97 (90 kg urea per ha) to 5.14 mm (control). The highest root yield was obtained in 150 and 90 kg urea.ha-1 along with inoculation with nitroxin and phosphate Barvar-2 (4.88 and 5.1 ton.ha-1, respectively). Application of 90 kg urea.ha-1 along with nitroxin resulted in increased chlorophyll b and total content. Increasing the urea concentration decreased essential oil content and increased essential oil yield. Essential oil content ranged from 0.93 (90 kg urea.ha-1 with nitroxin and phosphate Barvar-2) to 1.94% (no-application of fertilizers). The highest valerenic acid content (0.46% of the extract) and valerenic acid yield (220.27 mg.ha-1) were observed using 30 kg of urea with phosphate Barvar-2 and no application of nitroxin. In general, application of nitroxin and phosphate Barvar-2 bio-fertilizers along with 90 kg urea.ha-1 by improving growth, yield, and physiological traits led to the production of acceptable essential oil and valerenic acid yield.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aghighi Shahverdi, M., Amini Dahaghi, M., Ataei Somagh, H., and Mamivand, B. 2019. The effect of different nutritional systems with nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Plant Productions (Agronomy, Breeding and Horticulture), 41: 1-14.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., and Siahsar, B. 2011. Study of the yield and its components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Agroecology, 3: 383-395.
Alahresani, M., and Ramazani, S.H.R. 2021. Effects of biological, chemical and animal fertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of corn 500 single cross. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31: 125-143.
Amanifar, S., and Toghranegar, Z. 2020. The efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhiza for improving tolerance of Valeriana officinalis and enhancing valerenic acid accumulation under salinity stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 147: 112234.
Azizi, M., Mirmostafaee, S., Bahreini, M., Arouee, H., and Oroojalian, F. 2015. Evaluation of the effect of organic manure and compost application on growth, development, essential oil content, and microbial load in valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Journal of Plant Productions (Agronomy, Breeding and Horticulture), 38: 1-14.
de Matos Nascimento, A., Maciel, A.M., Silva, J.B.G., Mendonça, H.V., de Paula, V.R., and Otenio, M.H. 2020. Biofertilizer application on corn (Zea mays) increases the productivity and quality of the crop without causing environmental damage. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231: 1-10.
Filipović, V., and Ugrenović, V. 2020. Innovative approach in the production of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) using organic production methods. Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Terms of the Republic of Serbia Strategic Goals Realization within the Danube Region, Thematic Proceedings. Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, Serbia, 593-611.
Filizadeh, Y., and Goodarzi, G. 2010. Essential oils from hairy root cultures and field cultivated roots of valerian (Valeriana sisymbriifolium). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9: 120-128.
Hasanour, O., Azizi, K., Feizian, M., and Ismaeili, A. 2020. Study the effect of Phosphate Barvar-2 biofertilizer, iron nano-chelate and superabsorbent on qualitative and quantitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under dry farming conditions. Iranian Journal Pulses Research, 11: 62-75.
Itelima, J., Bang, W., Onyimba, I., Sila, M., and Egbere, O. 2018. Bio-fertilizers as key player in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity: A review. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 6: 73-83.
Javan Gholiloo, M., Yarnia, M., Ghorttapeh, A.H., Farahvash, F., and Daneshian, A.M. 2019. Evaluating effects of drought stress and bio-fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative traits of valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42: 1417-1429.
Javan Gholiloo, M., Yarnia, M., Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh, A., Farahvash, F., and Daneshian, A. 2020. The reaction of valerian to the application of bio-fertilizers under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30: 59-72.
Kahil, A., Hassan, F., and Ali, E. 2017. Influence of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and anthocyanin content of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant under Taif region conditions. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 5: 1-15.
Kamali, S., and Mehraban, A. 2020a. Effects of Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the agro-physiological traits and grain yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under drought stress conditions. PLoS One, 15: e0243824.
Kamali, S., and Mehraban, A. 2020b. Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate negative effects of drought stress on Sorghum bicolor yield through improving physiological and biochemical characteristics. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 15: 1813998.
Karimi, M., Marashi, S.K., and Payandeh, K. 2020. Investigation integrated effect of fertilizer and biofertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop production. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 6: 50-60.
Lamochi, S., and Sakinejad, T. 2018. Assessment effect of super absorbent polymer and Nitroxin on growth curves and corn (Zea mays) production. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 4: 33-46.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., and Buschmann, C. 2001. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and characterization by UVVIS spectroscopy'. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 1: 31-38.
Lykhovyd, P., Biliaieva, I., Piliarskyi, V., Lavrenko, N., and Maksymov, M. 2021. Modeling valerian roots yield depending on mineral fertilization rates. Modern Phytomorphology, 15: 51-55.
Mahdavi Khorami, A., Masoud Sinaki, J., Amini Dehaghi, M., Rezvan, S., and Damavandi, A. 2020. Sesame (Sesame indicum) biochemical and physiological responses as affected by applying chemical, biological, and nano-fertilizers in field water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43: 456-475.
Mojadam, M. 2019. Evaluation effect of biological fertilizer (nitroxin case study) on corn (Zea mays) crop production. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 5: 61-71.
Mousavi, S.A., Dalir, N., Rahnemaie, R., and Ebadi, M.T. 2021. Phosphate concentrations and methionine application affect quantitative and qualitative traits of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) under hydroponic conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 171: 113821.
Nasiri, Y., Mousavizadeh, S.A., and Asadi, M. 2020. Effect of farmyard, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and some morphological characteristics of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30: 313-328.
Oladaskari, F., Mojaddam, M., Babaei Nejad, T. 2020. Effect of combined application of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers on different planting methods on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus). Journal of Crops Improvement, 22: 283-294.
Osman, Y. 2011. Organic vs chemical fertilization of medicinal plants: a concise review of researches. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5: 394-400.
Pashmforoosh, N., and Ahmadabadi, M. 2020. Optimization of tissue culture and regeneration in Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) medicinal plant. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 33: 156-166.
Rezaei Chiyaneh, I., Pirzad, A., and Farjami, A. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur supplier bacteria on seed yield and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agricultural Science and sustainable Production, 24: 71-83.
Ricigliano, V., Kumar, S., Kinison, S., Brooks, C., Nybo, S.E., Chappell, J., and Howarth, D.G. 2016. Regulation of sesquiterpenoid metabolism in recombinant and elicited Valeriana officinalis hairy roots. Phytochemistry, 125: 43-53.
Saravani, K., Rahemi, A., Gholizadeh, A., Gholamalipour Alamdari, E., and Sabouri, H. 2020. The effect of silkworm residues and nitroxin on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 33: 607-621.
Shojaeian Kishi, F., Yadavi, A., Salehi, A., and Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. 2019. Assessment of agronomical traits and photosynthesis pigments of linseed (Linum usitatissimum cv. Norman) under irrigation cut-off condition and application of mycorrhiza fungi and phosphate bio fertilizer in Yasouj. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 29: 65-81.
Wezel, A., Casagrande, M., Celette, F., Vian, J.F., Ferrer, A., and Peigné, J. 2014. Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34: 1-20.
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Aghighi Shahverdi, M., Amini Dahaghi, M., Ataei Somagh, H., and Mamivand, B. 2019. The effect of different nutritional systems with nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Plant Productions (Agronomy, Breeding and Horticulture), 41: 1-14.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., and Siahsar, B. 2011. Study of the yield and its components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Agroecology, 3: 383-395.
Alahresani, M., and Ramazani, S.H.R. 2021. Effects of biological, chemical and animal fertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of corn 500 single cross. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31: 125-143.
Amanifar, S., and Toghranegar, Z. 2020. The efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhiza for improving tolerance of Valeriana officinalis and enhancing valerenic acid accumulation under salinity stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 147: 112234.
Azizi, M., Mirmostafaee, S., Bahreini, M., Arouee, H., and Oroojalian, F. 2015. Evaluation of the effect of organic manure and compost application on growth, development, essential oil content, and microbial load in valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Journal of Plant Productions (Agronomy, Breeding and Horticulture), 38: 1-14.
de Matos Nascimento, A., Maciel, A.M., Silva, J.B.G., Mendonça, H.V., de Paula, V.R., and Otenio, M.H. 2020. Biofertilizer application on corn (Zea mays) increases the productivity and quality of the crop without causing environmental damage. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231: 1-10.
Filipović, V., and Ugrenović, V. 2020. Innovative approach in the production of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) using organic production methods. Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Terms of the Republic of Serbia Strategic Goals Realization within the Danube Region, Thematic Proceedings. Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, Serbia, 593-611.
Filizadeh, Y., and Goodarzi, G. 2010. Essential oils from hairy root cultures and field cultivated roots of valerian (Valeriana sisymbriifolium). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9: 120-128.
Hasanour, O., Azizi, K., Feizian, M., and Ismaeili, A. 2020. Study the effect of Phosphate Barvar-2 biofertilizer, iron nano-chelate and superabsorbent on qualitative and quantitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under dry farming conditions. Iranian Journal Pulses Research, 11: 62-75.
Itelima, J., Bang, W., Onyimba, I., Sila, M., and Egbere, O. 2018. Bio-fertilizers as key player in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity: A review. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 6: 73-83.
Javan Gholiloo, M., Yarnia, M., Ghorttapeh, A.H., Farahvash, F., and Daneshian, A.M. 2019. Evaluating effects of drought stress and bio-fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative traits of valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42: 1417-1429.
Javan Gholiloo, M., Yarnia, M., Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh, A., Farahvash, F., and Daneshian, A. 2020. The reaction of valerian to the application of bio-fertilizers under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30: 59-72.
Kahil, A., Hassan, F., and Ali, E. 2017. Influence of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and anthocyanin content of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant under Taif region conditions. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 5: 1-15.
Kamali, S., and Mehraban, A. 2020a. Effects of Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the agro-physiological traits and grain yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under drought stress conditions. PLoS One, 15: e0243824.
Kamali, S., and Mehraban, A. 2020b. Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate negative effects of drought stress on Sorghum bicolor yield through improving physiological and biochemical characteristics. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 15: 1813998.
Karimi, M., Marashi, S.K., and Payandeh, K. 2020. Investigation integrated effect of fertilizer and biofertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop production. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 6: 50-60.
Lamochi, S., and Sakinejad, T. 2018. Assessment effect of super absorbent polymer and Nitroxin on growth curves and corn (Zea mays) production. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 4: 33-46.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., and Buschmann, C. 2001. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and characterization by UVVIS spectroscopy'. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 1: 31-38.
Lykhovyd, P., Biliaieva, I., Piliarskyi, V., Lavrenko, N., and Maksymov, M. 2021. Modeling valerian roots yield depending on mineral fertilization rates. Modern Phytomorphology, 15: 51-55.
Mahdavi Khorami, A., Masoud Sinaki, J., Amini Dehaghi, M., Rezvan, S., and Damavandi, A. 2020. Sesame (Sesame indicum) biochemical and physiological responses as affected by applying chemical, biological, and nano-fertilizers in field water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43: 456-475.
Mojadam, M. 2019. Evaluation effect of biological fertilizer (nitroxin case study) on corn (Zea mays) crop production. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 5: 61-71.
Mousavi, S.A., Dalir, N., Rahnemaie, R., and Ebadi, M.T. 2021. Phosphate concentrations and methionine application affect quantitative and qualitative traits of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) under hydroponic conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 171: 113821.
Nasiri, Y., Mousavizadeh, S.A., and Asadi, M. 2020. Effect of farmyard, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and some morphological characteristics of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30: 313-328.
Oladaskari, F., Mojaddam, M., Babaei Nejad, T. 2020. Effect of combined application of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers on different planting methods on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus). Journal of Crops Improvement, 22: 283-294.
Osman, Y. 2011. Organic vs chemical fertilization of medicinal plants: a concise review of researches. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5: 394-400.
Pashmforoosh, N., and Ahmadabadi, M. 2020. Optimization of tissue culture and regeneration in Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) medicinal plant. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 33: 156-166.
Rezaei Chiyaneh, I., Pirzad, A., and Farjami, A. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur supplier bacteria on seed yield and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agricultural Science and sustainable Production, 24: 71-83.
Ricigliano, V., Kumar, S., Kinison, S., Brooks, C., Nybo, S.E., Chappell, J., and Howarth, D.G. 2016. Regulation of sesquiterpenoid metabolism in recombinant and elicited Valeriana officinalis hairy roots. Phytochemistry, 125: 43-53.
Saravani, K., Rahemi, A., Gholizadeh, A., Gholamalipour Alamdari, E., and Sabouri, H. 2020. The effect of silkworm residues and nitroxin on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 33: 607-621.
Shojaeian Kishi, F., Yadavi, A., Salehi, A., and Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. 2019. Assessment of agronomical traits and photosynthesis pigments of linseed (Linum usitatissimum cv. Norman) under irrigation cut-off condition and application of mycorrhiza fungi and phosphate bio fertilizer in Yasouj. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 29: 65-81.
Wezel, A., Casagrande, M., Celette, F., Vian, J.F., Ferrer, A., and Peigné, J. 2014. Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34: 1-20.
