امکان سنجی ظرفیت های گردشگری سلامت در شهر مراغه با تاکید بر توسعه پایدار شهری
محورهای موضوعی : توسعه پایدار شهری
علی آذر
1
(استادیار گروه شهرسازی و معماری، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران)
رقیه سعیدی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، واحد مراغه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران)
کلید واژه: گردشگری سلامت, توریسم درمانی, امکان‌سنجی, مراغه, توسعه پایدار شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
با رشد شهرنشینی و افزایش فشارهای روحی و روانی، بیماری جسمی شهروندان نیز بیشتر می شود. در این میان، گردشگری سلامت برای بهره مندی مردم از امکانات سلامتی و بهداشتی، از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. یکی از بخش های رقابت پذیری شهرها، رقابت برای جذب توریست های درمانی خارجی و داخلی می باشد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، امکان‌سنجی ظرفیت‌های گردشگری سلامت در شهرستان مراغه با تأکید بر توسعه پایدار شهری است. ماهیت پژوهش، کاربردی و رویکرد آن نیز، کمّی- کیفی می باشد. اطلاعات بدست آمده در این تحقیق با استفاده از مطالعات اسنادی - مشاهده‌ای و با ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته انجام یافته است. شاخص های ارزیابی گردشگری سلامت، متشکل از 27 متغیر است که شامل سه مولفه اجتماعی – فرهنگی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی (اکولوژیکی) می باشد. جامعه آماری، 384 نفر می باشد که در مکان‌های گردشگری سلامت حاضر بودند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای Spss، Amos و Mplus استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که مؤلفه اقتصاد گردشگری با بار عاملی 95/0 بیشترین تأثیر را در توسعه گردشگری سلامت پایدار را دارد و کمترین اثرگذاری هم مربوط به کم‌رنگ شدن فرهنگ محلی بار عاملی 63/0، تجهیز پایانه‌ها (ترمینال ها) با بار عاملی 62/0می‌باشد. همچنین مؤلفه گردشگری پایدار با اثر مستقیم 815/0 و غیرمستقیم 131/0 بیشترین اثرگذاری و مؤلفه زیست‌محیطی با اثر مستقیم 634/0 و غیرمستقیم 164/0 کمترین اثرگذاری را در امکان‌سنجی توسعه گردشگری سلامت پایدار مراغه داشته است. مؤلفه اقتصادی با اثر مستقیم 726/0 و غیرمستقیم 163/0 و مؤلفه اجتماعی-فرهنگی با اثر مستقیم 702/0 و غیرمستقیم 105/0 در امکان‌سنجی و توسعه گردشگری سلامت پایدار شهر مراغه اثرگذار بوده اند.
With the development of urbanization and increasing mental pressures, citizens have also experienced increasing physical diseases. In this connection, health tourism assumes greater importance for people to use health and hygienic facilities. One of the areas in which cities compete with each other is their capability of attracting domestic and foreign treatment tourists. The level of reference and stay of health tourists is considerably highest than other tourists, and this indicates the significance of health tourism. The health tourism sector is one of the principal components of urban economic strength that guarantees residents’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to measure the feasibility of health tourism capacities in the city of Maragheh using sustainable urban development. The study was an applied study and fell under the quantitative and qualitative research. The data were obtained by using documentary and observational studies via a researcher-made questionnaire. Health tourism evaluation criteria included 27 variables of social-cultural, economic, and environmental (ecological) components. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 people who were present at health tourism places. To analyze the data, the structural equation modeling and SPSS, AMOS, and MPLUS software were used. Findings revealed that the component of tourism economics with the factor loading of 0.95 held the highest effects on the sustainable health tourism, and the component of local culture (factor loading of 0.63), terminal equipment (factor loading of 0.62) held the lowest effects. As well, the component5 of sustainable tourism with the direct and indirect effects of 0.815 and 0.131 held the highest effects, while the component of the environment with the direct and indirect effects of 0.634 and 0.164 held the lowest effects on the development of sustainable tourism in the city of Maragheh. The economic component with the direct and indirect effects and the component of social-cultural with the direct and indirect effects of 0.702 and0.105 also contributed to the development of sustainable health tourism in the city. Exteded Abstract Introduction With the development of urbanization and increasing mental pressures, citizens have also experienced increasing physical diseases. In this connection, health tourism assumes greater importance for people to use health and hygienic facilities. One of the areas in which cities compete with each other is their capability of attracting domestic and foreign treatment tourists. The level of reference and stay of health tourists is considerably highest than other tourists, and this indicates the significance of health tourism. The health tourism sector is one of the principal components of urban economic strength that guarantees residents’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to measure the feasibility of health tourism capacities in the city of Maragheh using sustainable urban development. Here, this study focuses on the eco-tourism and water-therapy dimension of the health tourism sector. Maragheh City enjoys numerous mineral water springs, and thus have favorable capacities in the health tourism sector. This is because of its geomorphological and geographical situation, the presence of expert physicians, being the treatment hub of the province, having centers of accommodation, and types of hotels. Thus, health tourism and the feasibility of infrastructure can affect the diversity of urban economies and employment, thereby producing much-needed currency as the main component of the secondary industry and contribute to the sustainable development. This city is the focal point of the study enjoys potential health tourism capacities (especially water therapy capacities).Methodology The study was an applied study and fell under the quantitative and qualitative research. The data were obtained by using documentary and observational studies via a researcher-made questionnaire. Health tourism evaluation criteria included 27 variables of social-cultural, economic, and environmental (ecological) components. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 people who were present at health tourism places. To analyze the data, the structural equation modeling and SPSS, AMOS, and MPLUS software were used.Results and discussionField surveys and results from social-cultural correlation coefficients affecting the sustainable tourism therapy (health tourism) in the city of Maragheh indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation between municipality management component and health tourism sustainability. This suggests that the more the health tourism sector flourishes the more municipality management develops, and the thus the more sustainable health tourism in Maragheh City will be. There was a positive and significant relationship between all social-cultural components and the sustainable health tourism in Maragheh, with the significance level being 0.000 at the alpha rate of 0.05; and since the calculated error rate is less than 0.01, there is a significant relationship between all social-cultural components and the sustainable health tourism at 99% confidence level. Thus, the improvement of all the components from a tourism therapy point of view could lead to sustainable health tourism in the city of Maragheh.Results from the correlation coefficient of components affecting the sustainable tourism therapy (health tourism) in the city of Maragheh indicates that there was a positive and significant relationship between the economic component and the Maragheh’s health tourism sustainability. ConclusionFindings revealed that the component of tourism economics with the factor loading of 0.95 held the highest effects on the sustainable health tourism, and the component of local culture (factor loading of 0.63), terminal equipment (factor loading of 0.62) held the lowest effects. As well, the component5 of sustainable tourism with the direct and indirect effects of 0.815 and 0.131 held the highest effects, while the component of the environment with the direct and indirect effects of 0.634 and 0.164 held the lowest effects on the development of sustainable tourism in the city of Maragheh. The economic component with the direct and indirect effects and the component of social-cultural with the direct and indirect effects of 0.702 and0.105 also contributed to the development of sustainable health tourism in the city. It was also found that health tourism could lead to employment (especially when the city of Maragheh holds the highest unemployment rate in the province and the entire country). Findings showed that the most important problems in the city were weak tourism infrastructure, private sector’s investors’ unwillingness to invest, and the lack of support by city officials to increase tourism attractions in the city.
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