کالبدشکافی بحران سیاسی ـ امنیتی افغانستان ازاشغال تا نا امنی(2022)وتاثیر آن بر امنیت جمهوری اسلامی ایران
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
رشید رکابیان
1
(دانشگاه هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی)
کلید واژه: ایران, امنیت, افغانستان, دولت ورشکسته, بحران.طالبان,
چکیده مقاله :
متأثر از تحولات اخیرافغانستان که منجر به سقوط دولتاشرف‌غنی از اریکۀ قدرت شد، ملت افغانستان ونیروهای نظامی این کشوربدون هیچ مقاومتی حکومت را دراشغال طالبان دیدند وشرایط ناامنی دیگری براین کشورحاکم شد.علاوه براین گروه تروریستی داعش برای مقابله با طالبان برعملیات انتحاری ونا امنی دراین کشور افزود ودرحال حاظراین کشوربدون دولت ودرمنازعات ناامنی بسرمی‌برد.(مساَله)پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف بررسی تحولات و کنشگرانِ میدانیِ مؤثردرافغانستان کوشیده است تا با تأسی از مؤلفه‌های تئوریکِ مطالعات امنیتی جهان سوم و با رویکردی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی به این پرسش پاسخ دهد(هدف-روش) که فقدان امنیت در سامان سیاسیِ نوینِ افغانستان متأثر از چه عواملی می‌باشدو تاثیر آن بر جمهوری اسلامی ایران چیست؟(سؤال) فرضیۀ قابل طرح به‌عنوان یافتۀ پژوهش ناظر بر آن است که انباشت مؤلفه‌هایِ مانع و پَس‌ران در دولت‌سازی موجب شده‌است تا افغانستان امروزی به‌عنوان جامعه‌ای از هم گُسیخته، مُضمحل و واگرا، که در مارپیچِ تنازلی منازعه، ناامنی و فقر قرار دارد به بهشت تروریست‌های مدرن از جمله طالبان وداعش بدل شود؛ گروه‌هایی که با تمسُک به عنصر دین و با هدف کسب قدرت سیاسی، نه‌تنها در داخل مانع ایجاد هرگونه مردم‌سالاری نهادمند شده‌اند، بلکه در سطحی گسترده‌تر امنیت جمهوری اسلامی ایران، منطقه و حتی نظام بین‌الملل را آماج حملات تروریستی خود قرار داده‌اند(یافته ها)
Affected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country. In this country, he added, and at present, the country is living without government and in insecurity conflicts. What are the factors affecting the new political life of Afghanistan and what is its impact on the Islamic Republic of Iran?The hypothesis that can be put forward as a research finding is that the accumulation of barriers and factors in state-building has led to today's Afghanistan as a disintegrated, fragmented and divergent society, which is in the degenerative spiral of conflict, insecurity and poverty from modernity to poverty. Become the Taliban and ISIS; Relying on the element of religion and with the aim of gaining political power, the groups have not only been institutionalized within the framework of preventing the establishment of any democracy, but have also targeted the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the region and even the international system.
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-دهبانیپور، رضا؛ مختاری، علی (1398.) «مواجهه دولت لیبی با چالش های جهانی شدن حقوق بشر ،»دوفصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد سیاسی بین الملل، دوره سوم، شماره1. 25 / فصلنامه تحقیقات سیاسی بین المللی شمار ه51 تابستان 1401 صص 14-26
-سجادی ،لطیف،1400،طالبان و باورهای دگم اندیش در قبال سیاست و حکومت، روزنامه روز افغانستان
-سبحانی، مهدی(،1388)راهبرد جدیـد آمریکـا در افغانـستان"،فـصلنامه سیاسـت خـارجی،شماره89
-عصمت الهی،محمدهاشم ودیگران(1378)جریان پرشتاب طالبان،تهران،الهدی
-عارفی، محمد اکرم؛(1378)«مبانی مذهبی و قومی طالبان»، نشریه علوم سیاسی، ش4، بهار.
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<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021..
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449"> Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449"> Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449"> Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449"> Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449">U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/.
<a title="Ayoob, M. (2007). "Security in the Third World: The Worm About to Turn?", International Security, London: SAGE Publication. Baker, S. (2020). "U.S. -Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war". NBC News. Retrieved 15 August 2021.. Baker, S. (2021). "The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s".Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Crosby, R. (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-07424-2 Effie, P. (2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Gibbons-Neff, Th., & Katzenberg, L. (2021). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30. Hunter, Sh. (2021). “How Iran may be impacted by Taliban rule”, Available on site: https://responsible state craft.org. Massaro, Ch. (2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". فاکس نیوز.فاکس کورپ . Retrieved 23 August 2021 Mokhefi, M. (2011). "Gaddafi's Regime in relation to the Libyan Tribe", Aljazeera Center for Studies, Qatar. Peter, M. (2009). Afghanistan – Aid, Armies and Empires: Aid, Armies and Empires. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85771-007-9. Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, World Bank Data: Afghanistan. Retrieved 2013-8-1. TRod, N.(2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". تایمز نیویورک. Retrieved 25 June 2021. U.S. (2019). Relations With Afghanistan”, U.S. Department of State, Access in https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/. Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400" href="../../../../../../../../publisher?_action=publish&article=695522&related_issue=1137449"> Vannas, Al. M .(2018). "Libya, Which I have Seen, Land of Distress", Tunisia. Mediterranean Publishing House. https://www.irna.ir › new15/6/1400 https://www.iribnews.ir › news30/5/1400 https://www.isna.ir › news26/5/1400