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Morphological and Molecular Cytogenetic Characteristics of Giant Human Oocytes

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Abstract

The expedience of using oocytes with morphological dysmorphism in assisted reproduction technology programs is debatable. This study aimed to estimate morphological and molecular cytogenetic characteristics of enlarged oocytes and to predict results of their further fertilization. Among 774 oocytes retrieved from 80 patients, 83 (11%) cells were enlarged. Morphometric analysis showed the diameter of the ooplasm to be (176.67 ± 1.76) μm and the diameter with ZP (200.8 ± 4.24) μm. Among these giant oocytes, 47 (56.6%) were at the metaphase II stage, 26 (31.3%) at the metaphase I stage, and 10 (12.1%) at the prophase I stage. The retrieved giant oocytes were characterized by dysmorphism of endo- and exocytoplasmic structures. Among 47 cells at the metaphase II stage, 40 (85.1%) oocytes had two polar bodies, three (6.4%) oocytes had one polar body, and four (8.5%) oocytes had a fragmented polar body. The assessment of the presence of meiotic spindle by polarization microscopy showed that 39 (83%) oocytes had two meiotic spindles, 3 (6.4%) oocytes had one meiotic spindle, and 5 oocytes (10.6%) had no visualized meiotic spindles despite the presence of polar bodies. After fertilization of 47 oocytes at the metaphase II stage, pronuclei were detected in 42 (89.4%) cells, including 9 (21.4%) oocytes with two pronuclei, 27 (63.3%) oocytes with 3 pronuclei, and 6 (15.3%) oocytes with four pronuclei. The molecular cytogenetic analysis demonstrated that the embryos obtained after fertilization of giant oocytes had a polyploid chromosome set number. Thus, the results of our study showed the inexpediency of using giant oocytes for further fertilization.

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Funding

This work was carried out by the authors without funding from state or nonstate funds or financial institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61016, Kharkiv, Ukraine

    M. P. Petrushko & T. O. Yurchuk

  2. IGR Medical Center, 02000, Kyiv, Ukraine

    N. O. Buderatska & J. V. Gontar

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Correspondence to M. P. Petrushko, N. O. Buderatska, J. V. Gontar or T. O. Yurchuk.

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Statement of compliance with standards of research involving humans as subjects. All studies were carried out in accordance with the rules of biomedical ethics. To work with oocytes and embryos, written, voluntary, and informed consent of patients was obtained. All manipulations with oocytes and preimplantation embryos were carried out in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from September 9, 2013, no. 787 “On Approval of the Procedure for the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Ukraine” and the European Protocol on Embryo Protection. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine, and the recommendations of ESHRE and ARSM. The studies were approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (minutes no. 7, 2015, and no. 1, 2019).

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Translated by K. Lazarev

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Petrushko, M.P., Buderatska, N.O., Gontar, J.V. et al. Morphological and Molecular Cytogenetic Characteristics of Giant Human Oocytes. Cytol. Genet. 55, 132–137 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452721020110

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