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Cellular Biological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials in Plants

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Abstract

Current research data on the biological effects of carbon nanoparticles (CNMs), such as C60 fullerene, graphene, graphene oxide, and single- and multiwalled nanotubes, in in vitro and in vivo plant systems are summarized. The interaction of CNMs with plant cells or organisms, their intracellular localization, and potential mechanisms of action were analyzed. It was found that CNMs improve seed germination, root growth and shoots, and increase the biomass of different species of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The negative effect of CNMs on plant growth and development was observed only at high concentrations, depending on the type of CNMs and the peculiarities of exposure conditions. Due to their nanoscale and hydrophobic properties, CNMs are able to penetrate plant cells in both energy-dependent and energy-independent ways, accumulating mainly in plastids, vacuoles, and nuclei, which determines the protective and target action of CNMs. The protective mechanisms of CNMs are based on the antioxidant properties of carbon molecules and are accompanied by changes in the expression of genes that are responsible, in particular, for cellular processes, metabolic processes, and the response to abiotic factors. The positive effect of CNMs on plant productivity, resistance to oxidative stress, their high efficiency at low concentrations, and environmental safety indicate the prospect of their use as regulators of physiological conditions, growth, and development of higher plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine

    S. V. Prylutska

  2. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine

    D. V. Franskevych

  3. Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine

    A. I. Yemets

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  1. S. V. Prylutska
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  2. D. V. Franskevych
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  3. A. I. Yemets
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Correspondence to S. V. Prylutska, D. V. Franskevych or A. I. Yemets.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Translated by V. Mittova

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Prylutska, S.V., Franskevych, D.V. & Yemets, A.I. Cellular Biological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials in Plants. Cytol. Genet. 56, 351–360 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452722040077

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452722040077

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