Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of neem leaf extracts and lambdacyhalothrin against whitefly and jassid in okra field. Four okra cultivars (SABZ PARI, SADA BAHAR, PUS A SAWANI, ARKA and ANAMIKA) were grown in field with four replication. Five neem oil concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 percent) and a synthetic insecticide (Lambdacyhalothrin 2.5EC) @ 330 mL acre−1 were applied to evaluate efficacy effects on targeted insects population. Distilled water was used as control. The plots treated with synthetic insecticide and the leaf extracts against targeted pests had significantly (P > 0.05) suppressed insect population as compared to control. After 1st spray, no significant (P > 0.05) reduction in pest populations were observed after 24 hours. However, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in population was recorded after 48 and 72 hours respectively. The decline in efficacy of insecticides were recorded after 360 hours of spray. Lambdacyhalothrin and neem oil @ 4 and 5% concentration were equally effective against whitefly and jassid feeding on okra plants. The efficacious effect of neem oil and synthetic insecticide on plant height, number of pods/plant and yield were also studied. Furthermore, tested treatments had no significant effect on plant height and yield parameter (number of fruits pods plant−1). Whereas, tested treatments of neem oil @ 4 and 5% and lambdacyhalothrin had induce significantly (P > 0.05) impact on yield parameter (yield). We conclude that Lambdacyhalothrin and neem oil @ 4 and 5% concentration are equally effective in controlling jassid and have same impact on yield of okra plant.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mahmood, K., Eijaz, S., Khan, M.A., Alamgir, A., Shaukat, S.S., Memood, Z., and Sajjad, A., Effects of biopesticides against jassid Amrasca devastans (dist.) and white fly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on orka, Int. J. Biol. Biotech., 2014, vol. 11, pp. 161–165.
Babatunde, R.O., Omotesho, O.A., and Sholotan, O.S., Socio-economic characteristics and food security status of farming household in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria, Pak. J. Nutr., 2007, vol. 6, pp. 1–16.
Hamon, S., Evolutionary Organization of Its Kind Abelmoschus (Okra). Co-Adaptation and Evolution of Two Species Grown in West Africa, A. esculentus and A. caillei, Paris, ORSTOM, 1988, vol. 46.
Hussain, J., Khan, A.L., Rehman, N., Humayun, M., Shah, T., Nisar, M., Bano, T., Shinwari, Z.K., and Lee, I.J., Proximate and nutrient analysis of selected vegetable species. A case study of Karak region, Afr. J. Biotech., 2009, vol. 8, pp. 2725–2729.
Moaward, F.G., Abdelwhab, B.M., Abdelnahun, F.M., and Shehaya, F.W., Genetic variability studies in okra, Annu. Agric. Sci., 1984, vol. 21, pp. 603–613.
Schippers, R.R., African Indigenous Vegetable: An Overview of the Cultivated Species, London: Natl. Resour. Inst., Univ. of Greenwich, 2000.
Composition of Food-Raw, Processed, Prepared. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Release 18, Meltsville, Maryland: U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville Hum. Nutr. Res. Center, 2005.
Ghosal, A., Chatterjee, M.L., and Bhattacharyya, L.A., Bio-efficacy of neonicotinoids against Aphis gossypii Glover of okra, J. Crop. Weed, 2013, vol. 9, pp. 181–184.
Ewete, F.K., Insect species and description of damage caused on okra Abelmoschus esculentsu L. Moench, J. East Afr. Agric. For., 1983, vol. 44, pp. 152–163.
Rao, S. and Rajendran, R., Joint action of neem with other plants extracts against leaf hopper Amrasca devastance (Distant) on okra, Pest Manage. Econ. Zool., 2003, vol. 10, pp. 131–136.
Hill, D.S., Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983, 2nd ed.
Ashraf, M., Arthropods associated with okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) crops, Extended Abstract of M.Sc. Thesis, Tandojam: Sindh Agriculture Univ., 1980.
Hamer, C. and Thompson, C.H., Vegetable Crops, London: McGraw and Hill, 1957.
Anaso, C.E. and Lale, N.E.S., Evaluation of aqueous neem kernel extract for the control of major insect pest of okra in Nigeria, Sudan savannah, J. Arid Agric., 2001, vol. 11, pp. 65–72.
Chhangani, S., Influence of seasons on growth yield of okra grown in Borno State, J. Hortic. Sci., 1994, vol. 23, pp. 141–144.
Dabire-Binso, C.L., Ba, M.N., Some, K., and Sanon, A., Preliminary studies on incidence of insect pest on okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench in central Burkina Faso, Afr. J. Agric. Res., 2009, vol. 4, pp. 1488–1492.
Obeng-Ofori, D. and Sackey, J., Field evaluation of non-synthetic insecticides for the management of insect pests of okra Abelmoschus esculentsu (L.) Moench in Ghana, Ethiop. J. Health Sci., 2003, vol. 26, pp. 145–150.
Shaikh, A.W., Efficacy of some insecticide mixtures against jassid, Amrasca devastans (Dist.) on orka, MSc Thesis, Tandojam: Sindh Agric. Univ., 1997 55.
Sharaf, N., Chemical control of Bemisia tabaci, Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 1986, vol. 17, pp. 111–127.
Singh, Y., Jha, A., Verma, S., Mishra, V.K., and Singh, S.S., Population dynamics of sucking insect pests and its natural enemies on okra agro-ecosystem in Chitrakoot region, Afr. J. Agric. Res., 2013, vol. 8, pp. 3814–3819.
Singh, B.K., Pandey, J.G., and Gupta, R.P., Insect pest management of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) through bio-pesticides, in National Symp. on Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops, Indian Soc. Veg. Sci., 2013.
Johnson, M.W., Toscano, N.C., Reynolds, H.T., Sylvester, E.S., Kido, K., and Natwick, E.T., Whiteflies cause problems for southern California growers, Calif. Agric., 1982, nos. 9–10.
Atwal, A.S. and Singh, B., Pest Population and Assessment of Crop Losses, New Delhi: Indian Agric. Res. Inst., 1990.
Brown, J.K. and Bird, J., Whitefly transmitted geminiviruses and associated disorders in the Americas and the Caribbean basin, Plant Dis., 1992, vol. 76, pp. 220–226.
Basu, A.N., Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) Crop Pest and Principal Whitefly Vector of Plant Viruses, Boulder: West View, 1995.
Singh, S., Choudhary, D.P., Sharma, H.C., Mahla, R.S., Mathur, Y.S., and Ahuja, D.B., Effect of insecticidal modules against jassid and shoot and fruit borer in okra, Indian J. Entomol., 2008, vol. 70, pp. 197–199.
Malik, M. U., Javeed, H., and Ayyaz, M., Evaluation of Different Groundnut Arachis hypogea L. Cultivars Against Termit, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 2015, vol 3, pp. 448–452.
Hassan, S., Jesse, Y.A., and Gabdo, H.B., Pesticide utilization in Mubiarea and associated hazards, Surv. J. Sustainable Dev. Agric. Environ., 2007, vol. 3, pp. 89–95.
Rajput, M.H., Effect of bio-pesticides against sucking insect complex on cauliflower Brassica oleraceae L., M.Sc. Thesis, Tandojam: Sindh Agric. Univ., 2004, pp. 53.
Kumar, S. and Kalidhar, S.B., A review of the chemistry and biological and biological activity of Pongamia pinnata, J. Med. Aroma. Plant Sci., 2003, vol. 25, pp. 441–465.
Henry, C.W., Shamsi, S.A., and Warner, I.M., Separation of natural pyrethrum extracts using micellar electrokinetic chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1999, vol. 863, pp. 89–103.
Copping, L.G. and Menn, J.J., Biopesticides: a review of their action, application and efficacy, Pest Manage. Sci., 2000, vol. 56, pp. 651–676.
Patel, P.S., Patel, G.M., and Shukla, N.P., Evaluation of different modules for the management of pest complex of okra, Pestology, 2009, vol. 33, pp. 31–37.
Atawodi, S.E. and Atawodi, J.C., Azadirachta indica (neem): a plant of multiple biological and pharmacological activities, Phytochem. Rev., 2009, vol. 8, pp. 601620.
Esparza-Diaz, G., Lopez-Collado, J., Villanueva-Jimenez, J.A., Osorio-Acosta, F., Otero-Colina, G., and Camacho-Diaz, E., Azadirachtin concentration, insecticide efficacy and phototoxicity of four neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. extracts, Agrociencia, 2010, vol. 44, pp. 821–833.
Tsman, M.B., Koul, O., Luczynski, A., and Kaminski, J., Insecticides and antifeedant bioactivities of neem oil and their relationship to azadirachtin content, J. Agri. Food Chem., 1990, vol. 38, pp. 1406–1311.
Mardue, A.J. and Blackwell, A., Azadirachtin on update, J. Insect Phys., 1993, vol. 39, pp. 903–924.
Schmutterer, H., Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 1990, vol. 35, pp. 271–297.
Senthil-Nathan, S., Choi, M.Y., Paik, C.H., Seo, H.Y., and Kalaivani, K., Toxicity and physiological effects of neem pesticides applied to rice on Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.), the brown planthopper, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 2009, vol. 72, pp. 1707–1713.
Chakraborty, D.P. and Roy, S., Antifeedant activity of oil fraction of seed of some leguminous plants against Diacrisia oblique, Indian J. Agric. Sci., 1988, vol. 58, pp. 579–580.
Durairaj, C., Ramaraju, K., and Sundarababu, P.C., Effect of plant derivatives on feeding and mortality of grapevine flea beetle Scelodonta strigicollis L., Madras Agric. J., 1991, vol. 78, pp. 14–16.
Prakash, A. and Rao, J., Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture, New York: CRC Press, 1991.
Schmutterer, H. and Singh, R.R., List of insect pests susceptible to neem products, in The Neem Tree: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Other Meliaceae Plants, Schmutterer, H., Ed., Weinheim: VCH-Verlag, 1995.
Memon, A.G., Abro, G.H., and Syed, T.S., Varietal resistance of okra against Earias spp., J. Entomol., 2004, vol. 1, pp. 1–5.
Fleming, R. and Retnakaran, A., Evaluation of single treatment data using Abbor’s formula with reference to insecticides, J. Econ. Entomol., 1985, vol. 78, pp. 1179–1881.
Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., and Dicky, D.A., Principles and Procedures of Statistics, a Biological Approach, 3rd ed., New York: McGraw Hill, 1997, pp. 352–358.
Khattak, M.K., Rashid, M., Hussain, S.A.S., and Islam, T., Comparative effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oil, neem seed water extract and baythroid TM against whitefly, jassids, and thrips on cotton, Pak. Entomol., 2006, vol. 28, pp. 31–37.
Parh, I.A., Mgbemena, M.P., Anozie, O.C., and Tanyimboh, E.N., Incidence and control of insect pests of vegetable crops on Jos Plateau, Northern Nigeria, J. Entomol., 1997, vol. 14, pp. 7–22.
Saxena, R.C., Waldbaver, G.P., Liquido, N.J., and Puma, B.C., Effect of neem oil on the rice leaf folder (Naphalocrocis medinalis), in Proc. First Int. Neem Conf. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Germany, Schmutter, H., Ascher, K.R.S., and Rembold, H., Eds., Berlin: Agency Technol. Cooperation, 1981, pp. 157–170.
Oladimeji, A. and Kannike, M.A., Comparative studies on the efficacy of neem, basil leaf extracts and synthetic insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin, against Podagrica spp. on okra, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 2010, vol. 4, pp. 033–0337.
Thara, S., Kingsle, S., and Revathi, N., Protection of okra crop from infestation by fruit borer, Earias vittella, Int. J. Plant Sci., 2009, vol. 4, pp. 262–264.
Coudriet, D.L., Prabhaker, N., and Meyerdirk, D.E., Sweet potato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): effect of neem-seed extract on oviposition and immature stages, Environ. Entomol., 1985, vol. 14, pp. 776–779.
Ogunwolu, E.O. and Ameh, S.A., Control of post flowering insect pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. with aqueous plant extracts, in 30th Annual Conf. Entomological Society of Nigeria, Bombay, Kano, Abstracts of Papers, 1999.
Adhikary, S., Results of field trials to control common insect pests of okra, Hibiscus esculentsu L., in Togo by application of crude methanolic extracts of leaves and seed kernels of the neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., J. Crop. Protection, 2009, vol. 98, pp. 327–331.
Bediako, E.A., Quaye, A.A., and Kusi, A.B., Comparative efficacy of plant extracts in managing whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen) and leaf curl disease in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), Am. J. Agric. Sci. Tech., 2014, vol. 2, pp. 31–41.
Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Comparative evaluation of modified neem leaf, neem leaf and wood Ash–extracts as pest control in maize (Zea mays L.), Emir. J. Food Agric., 2010, vol. 22, pp. 34–44.
Mudathir, M. and Basedow, T., Field experiments on the effects of neem products on pests and yields of okra, tomato and onion in the Sudan, Mitt. Dtsch. Ges. Allg. Angew. Entomol., 2004, vol. 14, pp. 407–410.
Pun, K.B., Sabitha-Doraiswam, Y., and Jeyarajan, R., Management of okra yellow vein mosaic virus disease and its whitefly vector, Indian J. Virol., 2005, vol. 16, pp. 32–35.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
About this article
Cite this article
Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Nadeem, M., Ayyaz, M. et al. Comparative efficacy of neem oil and lambdacyhalothrin against whitefly (Bemesia tabaci) and jassid (Amrasca Devastans Dist.) in okra field. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 41, 138–145 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367415020238
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367415020238