조선 제5대 왕인 문종의 비이자 제6대 왕인 단종의 어머니인 현덕왕후는 세자빈의 신분으로사망했기 때문에 처음에는 墓制로 무덤이 조성되었다가 문종이 왕으로 즉위하면서 소릉으로 추봉되었다. 그러나 단종 복위 사건으로 현덕왕후은 폐서인되면서 소릉은 폐위되고 改葬되었다가, 56년후에 다시 왕후로 복위되고 무덤은 문종의 현릉과 同原異岡陵 형식으로 새로 조성되었다.
안산에 위치한 소릉의 폐릉지는 현재 능의 흔적을 찾을 수 없고, 그 위치도 구전으로 전해지고 있을 뿐이다. 현재 소릉 석물로 전해지는 석물들 중에서 대표적 석물로는 이화여자대학교 박물관에 소장된 석호 한 쌍과 안산시향토사박물관에 소장된 석양과 난간석주를 들 수 있는데, 본고에서는 이 석물들을 면밀히 분석하였다. 석호는 정식 발굴과정을 거치지 않고 골동상에 의해 유통된석물로, 그 귀속에 논란이 있었다. 본고에서는 이 석호와 더불어 폐릉지에서 발굴한 석양과 난간석주가 현덕왕후 초장지의 석물임을 밝혔다. 특히 석호와 석양은 세자빈 묘를 조성할 때 설치했던 석물이고, 난간석주는 왕릉으로 추봉할 때 추가로 설치했던 석물임을 논증했다. 그리고 난간석주의분석을 통해 소릉은 병풍석 없이 난간석만 설치했음을 알 수 있었는데, 따라서 조선 왕릉에서 병풍석 없이 난간석만 두른 최초의 왕릉은 세조 광릉이 아니라 소릉으로 수정되어야 할 것이다.
조선 최초의 세자빈 무덤이었던 세자빈 권씨의 무덤은 능보다는 낮추고 묘보다는 높이는 형식으로 조성되었는데, 이 체제는 의경세자묘의 형식으로 계승되었고 조선 후기에 이르러 능제와 묘제의 중간 등급인 園制로 정착했다. 결국 현덕왕후의 무덤은 조선의 고유한 능묘 체제 형성에 중간 고리 역할을 한 무덤이라는 사실을 규명한 것이다. 아울러 조선왕실 무덤에서 석마를 최초로 세운 무덤이라는 사실을 통해, 조선 초기에 왕실에서 어떻게 왕실 무덤을 다른 무덤과 차별화하면서 체계화시켜나갔는지를 밝힐 수 있었다. 소릉은 현재 기록으로만 존재하지만 현존하는 몇 점의 석물을통해 소릉의 역사적 의미를 규명할 수 있었고, 조선왕릉 석물의 가치를 환기시킬 수 있었다.
Queen Hyeondeok (1418-1441) was the consort of King Munjong (r. 1450-1452), thefifth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and the mother of the sixth king, Danjong. Having died asa crown princess, her tomb was initially built according to ordinary funerary custom, and asKing Munjong ascended to the throne, her tomb was bestowed the title of Soreung. However,the failed attempt to restore King Danjong in 1453 resulted in the abolishment of QueenHyeondeok’s status as queen, along with Soreung, and her remains were moved to a differentlocation. After 56 years, her title was restored, and her tomb was newly constructed as aseparate burial mound alongside the tomb of her husband in the same compound. No trace of the royal tomb is found at the site where Soreung once stood in Ansan, andits location has been passed on solely through oral transmission. Of the tomb sculptures ofthe Soreung, the most notable are two stone tigers in the Ewha Womans University Museumand a stone sheep and a stone pillar of banister in the Ansan Local History Museum, whichare the subjects of this paper. The stone tigers were acquired not through excavation but froman antique dealer, which led to controversy on the ownership. This study reveals that thestone sheep and the pillar, along with the stone tigers, originated from the initial tomb siteof Queen Hyeondeok. It argues that the stone sheep and the tigers were installed at the tombof the crown princess, and the stone pillars were established additionally after the tomb waselevated as a royal tomb. The analysis of stone pillars of the banister proves that there were nobroad, square-shaped stones installed for protecting the tomb but only the stone pillars andbanister. This supports that the very first royal tomb with no square-shaped stones but only with the pillars and a banister is not King Sejo’s Gwangneung but rather the Soreung. The tomb of Crown Princess Gwon, the first tomb for a crown princess in the JoseonDynasty, was built to be lower than a tomb for a king or queen but higher than that of anordinary princess, a style that was used for the tomb of Crown Prince Uigyeong before beingsettled as a hill-sized tomb as a compromise between a royal tomb and an ordinary grave. In the end, this paper proved that the tomb of Queen Hyeondeok served as a medium in theformation of the unique tomb system of the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, Soreung is the firstexample of the Joseon royal tombs to be decorated with stone horses, which implies thatthe early Joseon Dynasty made effort to systemize the tomb system by differentiating theroyal tomb from other graves. Soreung now exists only in historical record, yet a number ofremaining sculptures allowed this paper to determine the historical implication of Soreung,and shed light on the value of the stone sculpture of the Joseon Dynasty.
Queen Hyeondeok (1418-1441) was the consort of King Munjong (r. 1450-1452), thefifth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and the mother of the sixth king, Danjong. Having died asa crown princess, her tomb was initially built according to ordinary funerary custom, and asKing Munjong ascended to the throne, her tomb was bestowed the title of Soreung. However,the failed attempt to restore King Danjong in 1453 resulted in the abolishment of QueenHyeondeok’s status as queen, along with Soreung, and her remains were moved to a differentlocation. After 56 years, her title was restored, and her tomb was newly constructed as aseparate burial mound alongside the tomb of her husband in the same compound. No trace of the royal tomb is found at the site where Soreung once stood in Ansan, andits location has been passed on solely through oral transmission. Of the tomb sculptures ofthe Soreung, the most notable are two stone tigers in the Ewha Womans University Museumand a stone sheep and a stone pillar of banister in the Ansan Local History Museum, whichare the subjects of this paper. The stone tigers were acquired not through excavation but froman antique dealer, which led to controversy on the ownership. This study reveals that thestone sheep and the pillar, along with the stone tigers, originated from the initial tomb siteof Queen Hyeondeok. It argues that the stone sheep and the tigers were installed at the tombof the crown princess, and the stone pillars were established additionally after the tomb waselevated as a royal tomb. The analysis of stone pillars of the banister proves that there were nobroad, square-shaped stones installed for protecting the tomb but only the stone pillars andbanister. This supports that the very first royal tomb with no square-shaped stones but only with the pillars and a banister is not King Sejo’s Gwangneung but rather the Soreung. The tomb of Crown Princess Gwon, the first tomb for a crown princess in the JoseonDynasty, was built to be lower than a tomb for a king or queen but higher than that of anordinary princess, a style that was used for the tomb of Crown Prince Uigyeong before beingsettled as a hill-sized tomb as a compromise between a royal tomb and an ordinary grave. In the end, this paper proved that the tomb of Queen Hyeondeok served as a medium in theformation of the unique tomb system of the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, Soreung is the firstexample of the Joseon royal tombs to be decorated with stone horses, which implies thatthe early Joseon Dynasty made effort to systemize the tomb system by differentiating theroyal tomb from other graves. Soreung now exists only in historical record, yet a number ofremaining sculptures allowed this paper to determine the historical implication of Soreung,and shed light on the value of the stone sculpture of the Joseon Dynasty.
