Abstract
The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of three dimeric surfactants of the alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) type, one trimeric surfactant and two conventional monomeric surfactants has been measured in the presence of increasing amounts of linear 1-alcohols (methanol to hexanol), using the electrical conductivity method. The results show little difference in the variations of cmcA/cmcW (cmcA and cmcW = cmc values in a water/alcohol mixture and in water) for the monomeric, dimeric and trimeric surfactant with the alcohol concentration for alcohols that are very soluble in water (methanol and ethanol) or hardly soluble in water (pentanol and hexanol). Significant differences are observed only for alcohols that are partitioned between water and micelles (mainly propanol and butanol). Large differences in the solubility of butanol in micellar solutions of the three dimeric surfactants observed at high surfactant concentration appear to be associated to differences in micelle shape. The ionization of dimeric surfactant micelles in ethanol/water mixtures increases nearly linearly with the ethanol content.
Kurzfassung
Die kritische Mizellbildungskonzentration (cmc) dreier dimerer Tenside des Typs Alkandiyl-α,ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammoniumbromid), eines trimeren Tensides und zweier konventioneller monomerer Tenside ist in Gegenwart zunehmender Mengen von linearen 1-Alkoholen (Methanol bis Hexanol) mittels elektrischer Leitfähigkeit gemessen worden. Die Resultate zeigen wenig Unterschied in den Variationen von cmcA/cmcW (cmcA und cmcW = CMC-Werte in einer Wasser/Alkohol-Mischung und in Wasser) für monomere, dimere und trimerie Tenside bei Alkoholen, die gut löslich in Wasser (Methanol und Äthanol), oder in Wasser kaum löslich sind (Pentanol und Hexanol). Deutliche Unterschiede werden nur bei Alkoholen beobachtet, die zwischen Wasser und den Mizellen partioniert sind (hauptsächlich Propanol und Butanol). Die großen Unterschiede der Löslichkeit von Butanol in mizellaren Lösungen bei den drei dimeren Tensiden, die bei hoher Tensidkonzentration beobachtet werden, scheinen mit den unterschiedlichen Mizellenformen in Zusammenhang zu stehen. Die Ionisierung der dimeren Tensidmizellen in Ethanol/Wasser-Mischungen erhöht sich nahezu linear mit dem Gehalt an Ethanol.
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