Consumo informativo y cobertura mediática durante el confinamiento por el Covid-19: sobreinformación, sesgo ideológico y sensacionalismo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.12

Palabras clave:

Covid-19, Coronavirus, Pandemias, Consumo informativo, Cobertura mediática, Sensacionalismo, Sesgo informativo, Crisis sanitaria, Medios de comunicación, España.

Resumen

La declaración del estado de alarma por la pandemia del Covid-19 ha confinado a millones de ciudadanos en sus domicilios. La situación de aislamiento tiene enormes consecuencias en múltiples niveles: social, psicológico, económico, educativo..., y también comunicativo. A partir de una encuesta realizada a 1.122 personas durante la fase de confinamiento más severa, el presente artí­culo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo el consumo informativo se ha visto modificado durante este perí­odo de tiempo y cómo perciben los ciudadanos la cobertura mediática realizada por los medios de comunicación. Los resultados muestran que la ciudadaní­a se informa más y con mayor frecuencia que antes de la crisis sanitaria. Con todo, mantiene una actitud crí­tica con la información que proporcionan los medios, que realizan una cobertura condicionada por la lí­nea editorial, de forma sensacionalista y generando alarma social innecesaria.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abraham, Thomas (2005). Twenty-first century plague: The story of SARS. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 0 8018 8124 2

APM (2020). "Aparecen algunos sí­ntomas de saturación informativa en el consumo de medios durante el confinamiento". Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid, 29 abril. https://www.apmadrid.es/aparecen-algunos-sintomas-de-saturacion-informativa-en-el-consumo-de-medios-durante-el-confinamiento

Ball-Rokeach, Sandra J.; DeFleur, Melvin L. (1976). "A dependency model of mass-media effects". Communication research, v. 3, n. 1, pp. 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027600300101

Boehlert, Eric (2014). "The media´s Ebola coverage: The more you watch, the less you know?". Media matters for America, 15 October. https://www.mediamatters.org/cnn/ebola-coverage-more-you-watch-less-you-know

Brenen, J. Scott; Simon, Felix; Howard, Philip N.; Nielsen, Rasmus-Klein (2020). Types, sources, and claims of Covid-19 misinformation. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 7 April. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/types-sources-and-claims-covid-19-misinformation

Brodie, Mollyann; Hamel, Elizabeth; Brady, Lee-Ann; Kates, Jennifer; Altman, Drew E. (2004). "AIDS at 21: Media coverage of the HIV epidemic 1981-2002". Columbia journalism review, supplement to the March/April, pp. 1-8. http://www.kff.org/kaiserpolls/7023.cfm

CAC. Consell de l´Audiovisual de Catalunya (2019). "Recomanacions del Consell de l´Audiovisual de Catalunya sobre el tractament informatiu de les tragèdies personals". CAC, 21 febrer. https://www.cac.cat/sites/default/files/2019-05/Q9_recomanacions_CA.pdf

Carlson, Matt (2007). "Blogs and journalistic authority". Journalism studies, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 264-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700601148861

Casero-RipolleÌs, Andreu (2020). "Impact of Covid-19 on the media system. Communicative and democratic consequen­ces of news consumption during the outbreak". El profesional de la informacioÌn, v. 29, n. 2, e290223. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.23

Chadwick, Andrew (2013). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 190696733 https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759477.001.0001

CIC. Consell de la Informació de Catalunya (2020). "El CIC demana respecte a la dignitat de les persones més enllà de la mort". CIC, 19 abril.

https://fcic.periodistes.cat/2020/04/19/el-cic-demana-respecte-a-la-dignitat-de-les-persones-mes-enlla-de-la-mort

CIS (2019). "Macrobarómetro de octubre 2019". Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 28 octubre. http://www.cis.es/cis/opencms/ES/9_Prensa/Noticias/2019/prensa0440.html

Coleman, Stephen (2012). "Believing the news: From sinking trust to atrophied efficacy". European journal of communication, n. 27, v. 1, pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323112438806

Cornia, Alessio; Ghersetti, Marina; Mancini, Paolo; Odén, Paolo (2016). "The Partisans, the Technocrats and the Watchdogs: Domestication in media coverage of the swine flu pandemic in 2009". Journalism studies, v. 17, n. 8, pp. 1030-1050. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1040891

Costa-SaÌnchez, Carmen; LoÌpez-GarciÌa, XoseÌ (2020). "ComunicacioÌn y crisis del coronavirus en España. Primeras lecciones". El profesional de la informacioÌn, v. 29, n. 3, e290304. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.04

Covello, Vincent (2003). "Best practices in public health risk and crisis communication". Journal of health communication, v. 8, pp. 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/713851971

Davis, Justin; French, T. Nathaniel (2008). "Blaming victims and survivors: An analysis of post-Katrina print news coverage". Southern communication journal, v. 73, n. 3, pp. 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417940802219736

Ducharme, Jamie (2020). "News coverage of coronavirus in 2020 is very different than it was for Ebola in 2018". Time, 7 February. https://time.com/5779872/coronavirus-ebola-news-coverage

EBU Intelligent Service (2020). ECovid crisis. PSM audience performance. April 2020. https://www.ebu.ch/publications/research/membersonly/report/covid-19-crisis-psm-audience-performance

España (2020). "Real decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo, por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el Covid-19". Boletí­n oficial del Estado, 67, 14 marzo, pp. 25390 a 25400. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2020/03/14/463

Freudenburg, William; Coleman, Cynthia-Lou; Gonzales, James; Helgeland, Catherine (1996). "Media coverage of hazard events: Analyzing the assumptions". Risk analysis, v. 16, pp. 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01434.x

Garfin, Dana-Rose; Silver, Roxane-Cohen; Holman, E. Alison (2020). "The novel coronavirus (Covid-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure". Health psychology, v. 39, n. 5, pp. 355-357. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875

Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Weeks, Brian; Ardèvol-Abreu, Alberto (2017). "Effects of the news-finds-me perception in communication: Social media use implications for news seeking and learning about politics". Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 22, n. 3, pp. 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12185

Hallin, Daniel H.; Mancini, Paolo (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge university. ISBN: 978 0 521543088

Hollowood, Ella; Mostrous, Alexis (2020). "Fake news in the time of C-19". Tortoisemedia, 23 March. https://members.tortoisemedia.com/2020/03/23/the-infodemic-fake-news-coronavirus/content.html

Imbert, Gérard (2003). El zoo visual. De la televisión espectacular a la televisión especular. Barcelona: Gedisa. ISBN: 84 74327970

Johns Hopkins University (2020). "Coronavirus resource center. Mortality Analysis". Johns Hopkins University, 1 May. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality

Kilgo, Danielle K.; Yoo, Joseph; Johnson, Thomas J. (2019). "Spreading Ebola panic: Newspaper and social media coverage of the 2014 Ebola health crisis". Health communication, v. 34, n. 8, pp. 811-817. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1437524

Laato, Samuli; Najmul, AKM; Nazrul, Muhamad; Whelan, Eoin (2020). "Why do people share misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic?". Cornell University. arXiv: 2004.09600 [cs.CY], 20 April. https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09600

Lázaro-Rodrí­guez, Pedro; Herrera-Viedma, Enrique (2020). "Noticias sobre Covid-19 y 2019-nCoV en medios de comunicación de España: el papel de los medios digitales en tiempos de confinamiento". El profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 3, e290302. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.02

Lewison, Grant (2008). "The reporting of the risks from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the news media, 2003-2004". Health, risk and society, v. 10, pp. 241-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570802160962

Mandeville, Kate L.; O´Neill, Sam; Brighouse, Andrew; Walker, Alice; Yarrow, Kielan; Chan, Kenneth (2013). "Academics and competing interests in H1N1 influenza media reporting". Journal of epidemiology and community health, n. 68, pp. 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-203128

Masip, Pere; Ruiz-Caballero, Carlos; Suau, Jaume (2017). "Questioning the selective exposure to news: Understanding the impact of social networks on political news consumption". American behavioral scientist, v. 6, n. 3, pp. 300-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217708586

Masip, Pere; Ruiz-Caballero, Carlos; Suau, Jaume (2019). "Contesting professional procedures of journalists: Public conversation on Twitter after Germanwings accident". Digital journalism, v. 7, n. 6, pp. 762-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1546551

Mortensen, Tara; Keshelashvili, Ana; Weir, Tom (2016). "Who we are: A Q-study of types of citizen journalists". Digital journalism, v. 4, n. 3, pp. 359-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1053506

Motta, Matthew; Stecula, Dominik; Farhart, Christina (2020). "How right-leaning media coverage of Covid-19 facilitated the spread of misinformation in the early stages of the pandemic". SocArXivPapers. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/a8r3p

Muralidharan, Sidharth; Rasmussen, Leslie; Patterson, Daniel; Shin, Jai-Hwa (2011). "Hope for Haiti: An analysis of Facebook and Twitter usage during the earthquake relief efforts". Public relations review, v. 37, n. 2, pp. 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.01.010

Nerlich, Brigitte; Koteyko, Nelya (2012). "Crying wolf? Biosecurity and metacommunication in the context of the 2009 swine flu pandemic". Health & place, v. 18, n. 4, pp. 710-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.02.008

Newman, Nic; Fletcher, Richard; Kalogeropoulos, Antonis; Nielsen, Rasmus-Klein (2020). Reuters Institute digital news report 2019. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. http://www.digitalnewsreport.org

PEW, Pew Research Center (2014). "8 key takeaway about social media and news". PEW, 26 March. http://www.journalism.org/2014/03/26/8-key-takeaways-about-social-media-and-news

Pieri, Elisa (2018). "Media framing and the threat of global pandemics: The Ebola crisis in UK media and policy response". Sociological research online, v. 24, n. 1, pp. 73-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780418811966

Renn, Ortwin (1991). "Risk communication and the social amplification of risk". In: Kasperson, Roger; Stallen, Pieter-Jan (eds.). Communicating risks to the public. Technology, risk, and society (An international series in risk analysis), v. 4, pp. 287-324. Springer, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1952-5_14

Ruiz-Caballero, Carlos (2015). La digitalización del otro. Barcelona: Milenio. ISBN: 978 84 9743 702 8

Sánchez-Castillo, Álvaro (2020). "La amenaza de un desplome de más del 70% en publicidad pone a los medios en aprietos en plena pandemia". infolibre.es, 30 abril. https://www.infolibre.es/noticias/economia/2020/04/02/la_amenaza_desplome_mas_del_los_ingresos_publicitarios_pone_los_medios_aprietos_plena_pandemia_105533_1011.html

Scoones, Ian (ed.) (2010). Avian influenza: Science, policy and politics. London: Earthscan. ISBN: 978 1 849710961

Seeger, Matthew W.; Sellnow, Timothy L.; Ulmer, Robert R. (1998). "Communication, organization and crisis". Journal annals of the International Communication Association, v. 21, n. 1, pp. 231-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1998.11678952

Seeger, Matthew W.; Sellnow, Timothy L.; Ulmer, Robert R. (2003). Communication and organizational crisis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 978 1 567205343

Shaw, Rajib; Kim, Yong-kyun; Hua, Jinling (2020). "Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from Covid-19 in East Asia". Progress in disaster science, v. 6, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100090

Slovic, Paul (1987). "Perception of risk". Science, v. 236, n. 4799, pp. 280-285. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507

Spratt, Meg (2001) "Science, journalism, and the construction of news". American journalism, v. 18, n. 3, pp. 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2001.10739324

Suau, Jaume (2015). Citizens and online media participation. Tesis doctoral. Barcelona, Spain: Ramon Llull University.

Thompson, Rebecca R.; Garfin, Dana-Rose; Holman, E. Alison; Silver, Roxane-Cohen (2017). "Distress, worry, and functioning following a global health crisis: A national study of Americans´ responses to Ebola". Clinical psychological science, v. 5, pp. 513-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617692030

Thorbjornsrud, Kjersti; Figenschou, Tine-Ustad (2016). "Do marginalized sources matter? A comparative analysis of irregular migrant voice in western media". Journalism Studies, v. 17, n. 3, pp. 337-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.987549

Ungar, Sheldon (1998). "Hot crisis and media reassurance: A comparison of emerging diseases and Ebola Zaire". British journal of sociology, v. 48, pp. 36-56. https://doi.org/10.2307/591262

Ungar, Sheldon (2008). "Global bird flu communication: Hot crisis and media reassurance". Science communication, v. 29, pp. 472-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008316219

Vasterman, Peter; Ruigrok, Neil (2013). "Pandemic alarm in the Dutch media: Media coverage of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and the role of the expert sources". European journal of communication, v. 28, pp. 436-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113486235

Vis, Farida (2009). "Wikinews reporting of hurricane Katrina". In: Allan, Stuart; Thorsen, Einar. Citizen journalism: Global perspectives. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 65-74. ISBN: 978 1 433122828

Washer, Peter (2006). "Representations of mad cow disease". Social science & medicine, v. 62, n. 2, pp. 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.001

Watson, Brendan R. (2015). "Is Twitter an alternative medium? Comparing Gulf Coast Twitter and newspaper coverage of the 2010 BP oil spill". Communication research, v. 43, n. 5, pp. 647-671.

WEF, World Economic Forum (2020). WEF Annual meeting Davos 2020. https://www.weforum.org

WHO, World Health Organization (2020). Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (Covid-19), 2 February. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf

Zarzalejos, Álvaro; Arranz, Rubén (2020). "Prisa, Unidad Editorial, Godó..., los grandes grupos de prensa sucumben a los ERTEs". Voxpopuli, 4 abril. https://www.vozpopuli.com/medios/Prisa-Unidad-Editorial-Godolos-ERTEs_0_1342666558.html

Descargas

Publicado

2020-05-19

Cómo citar

Masip, P., Aran-Ramspott, S., Ruiz-Caballero, C., Suau, J., Almenar, E., & Puertas-Graell, D. (2020). Consumo informativo y cobertura mediática durante el confinamiento por el Covid-19: sobreinformación, sesgo ideológico y sensacionalismo. Profesional De La información Information Professional, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.12

Número

Sección

Artí­culos de investigación Covid-19 / Covid-19 research articles