High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC) show multiple cracking and strain-hardening behaviors in tension. Current applications in Japan include bridge decks, building dampers, retaining wall, irrigation channels and so forth. While the novel properties of HPFRCC are well known, the required performance and its criteria have not been clarified. For example, in addition to tensile load bearing capacity, protection against penetration of substance through fine cracks is also important. Clarification of the required performance and its criteria for HPFRCC is important to evaluate the design concepts of each application. This paper introduces recent applications using HPFRCC in Japan, focusing on required performance.