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Since 2011, the manufacturing sector has been subject to a paradigm shift referred to as Industry 4.0, or the 4th Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 is concerned with cyber-physical systems for production engineering that enable the interconnected smart factories of the future. Its associated emerging technologies will bring along significant changes with respect to manufacturing processes and supply chains, allowing manufacturers to maintain their competitive edge in a rapidly changing globalized world. A recent study revealed that in 2016 only 8% of the UK manufacturers had a significant understanding of the term Industry 4.0, and that 56% had little or no understanding of it. However, 59% believed Industry 4.0 would have a big impact on the manufacturing sector. Most of the ongoing research on Industry 4.0 is concerned with the actual development of cyber-physical systems, cloud manufacturing, cybersecurity, and big data analytics. This study investigates the potential impact of Industry 4.0 on future unemployment, and the need for a highly responsive education system to develop the Industry 4.0 workforce of near tomorrow. At present, educational systems appear not to be adapting fast enough to respond to future labour demands imposed by Industry 4.0. If not addressed, this challenge may result in the required skills being undersupplied, thereby fuelling disparities between labour supply and demand, which consequently may cause unemployment levels to rise. This highlights the need to further investigate this situation and to identify and fulfil the educational requirements underlying future employment in a post Industry 4.0 era.
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