The Effect of Long Exposure Reed Diffuser Essential Oil Plumeria alba on Cortisol Levels of Male Wistar Rats
Article Sidebar
-
Aromatherapy, Cortisol, Reed diffuser, Frangipani, Stress
Abstract
Stress can occur due to a person's inability to respond to a stressor, resulting in bodily or mental disorders. Anxiety can be characterized by increased levels of cortisol, which is regulated by the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenaline (HPA-axis). Aromatherapy is a therapy using essential oils that give a distinctive aroma to plant parts such as flowers, roots, leaves, and stems. Aromatherapy can be done through a reed diffuser. The frangipani (Plumeria alba) is one of the plants in Indonesia that has a particular scent in its flowers. This study aims to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to P. alba essential oil reed diffuser on cortisol levels in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: the control group without exposure to a reed diffuser for 5 and 10 days and the other group with exposure for 5 and 10 days. Each blood was drawn through the retro-orbital, centrifuged to obtain serum, and tested using LC-MS to determine cortisol levels. The group with ten days of essential oil exposure showed lower cortisol levels. It can be concluded that the duration of aromatherapy exposure is connected to cortisol levels and that aromatherapy can be utilized as a stress-reduction therapy.
Full text article
References
2. Herman JP, McKlveen JM, Ghosal S, Kopp B, Wulsin A, Makinson R, et al. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Stress Response. Compr Physiol. 2016;6(2):603-21. doi:10.1002/cphy.c150015
3. Hinds JA, Sanchez ER. The Role of the Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Test-Induced Anxiety: Assessments, Physiological Responses, and Molecular Details. Stresses. 2022;2(1):146-55. doi:10.3390/stresses2010011
4. Aćimović M. Essential oils: Inhalation aromatherapy—a comprehensive review. J Agron Technol Eng Manag. 2021;4:547-57.
5. Scuteri D, Rombolà L, Morrone LA, Bagetta G, Sakurada S, Sakurada T, et al. Neuropharmacology of the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and role of pain: essential oil of bergamot as a novel therapeutic approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13):3327. doi:10.3390/ijms20133327
6. Cho EH, Lee MY, Hur MH. The effects of aromatherapy on intensive care unit patients’ stress and sleep quality: a nonrandomised controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2017;2017:2856592. doi:10.1155/2017/2856592
7. Butnariu M, Sarac I. Essential oils from plants. J Biotechnol Biomed Sci. 2018;1(4):35-43. doi:10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-18-2489
8. El Asbahani A, Miladi K, Badri W, Sala M, Addi EA, Casabianca H, et al. Essential oils: From extraction to encapsulation. Int J Pharm. 2015;483(1-2):220-43. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.069
9. Rehman R, Hanif MA, Mushtaq Z, Al-Sadi AM. Biosynthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants: A review. Food Rev Int. 2016;32(2):117-60. doi:10.1080/87559129.2015.1057841
10. Ribeiro-Santos R, Andrade M, de Melo NR, Sanches-Silva A. Use of essential oils in active food packaging: Recent advances and future trends. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2017;61:132-40. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.021
11. Ramsey JT, Shropshire BC, Nagy TR, Chambers KD, Li Y, Korach KS. Focus: Plant-based medicine and pharmacology: Essential oils and health. Yale J Biol Med. 2020;93(2):291-305.
12. McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2022;8(4):367-81. doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/bmcewen
13. Chen J, Evans AN, Liu Y, Honda M, Saavedra JM, Aguilera G. Maternal deprivation in rats is associated with corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) promoter hypomethylation and enhances CRH transcriptional responses to stress in adulthood. J Neuroendocrinol. 2012;24(7):1055-64. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02306.x
14. Herman JP, McKlveen JM, Solomon MB, Carvalho-Netto E, Myers B. Neural regulation of the stress response: glucocorticoid feedback mechanisms. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2012;45:292-8. doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500041
15. Romanov RA, Alpár A, Zhang MD, Zeisel A, Calas A, Landry M, et al. A secretagogin locus of the mammalian hypothalamus controls stress hormone release. EMBO J. 2015;34(1):36-54. doi:10.15252/embj.201488977
16. Lee DY, Kim E, Choi MH. Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress. BMB Rep. 2015;48(4):209-16. doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.4.275
17. Özkaraman A, Dugum O, Yilmaz HÜ, Yeşilbalkan ÖU. Aromatherapy The effect of lavender on anxiety and sleep quality in patients treated with chemotherapy. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2018;22(2):203-10. doi:10.1188/18.cjon.203-210
18. Idrees S, Hanif MA, Ayub MA, Jilani MI, Memon N. Frangipani. In: Hanif MA, Nawaz H, Khan MM, Byrne HJ, editors. Medicinal Plants of South Asia. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2020. pp. 287-300.
19. Wartini NM, Putra GG, Ina PT. Chemical composition of essential oil of Cendana Frangipani flower (Plumeria alba) with re-extraction using ethanol solvents. Agroind J. 2014;3(2):158-163. doi:10.22146/aij.v3i2.25032
20. Mahdavikian S, Rezaei M, Modarresi M, Khatony A. Comparing the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender on the sleep quality of cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Sci Pract. 2020;4(1):10. doi:10.1186/s41606-020-00047-x
Authors
Copyright (c) 2023 Siska Siska, Tahyatul Bariroh, Supandi Supandi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors continue to retain the copyright to the article if the article is published in the Borneo Journal of Pharmacy. They will also retain the publishing rights to the article without any restrictions.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Any article on the copyright is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share work with an acknowledgment of the work authors and initial publications in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published articles of work (eg, post-institutional repository) or publish it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Article Details
