Miguel A. Bernal Pampin
Department of Chemical Engineering and Seminar of Renewable Energy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Laira Cristóbal Andrade
Department of Chemical Engineering and Seminar of Renewable Energy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Pastora M. Bello Bugallo
Department of Chemical Engineering and Seminar of Renewable Energy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
S. J. Williamson
Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
B. H. Stark
Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
J. D. Booker
Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Stefania Luizzi
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Pietro Stefanizzi
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Marta Szabo
Renewable Energies Unit - Institute for Energy (IE), European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
Md. Alam Hossain Mondal
Energy Institute, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE),Ganakbari, Bangladesh
James A. Scott
Aston University, Birmingham, UK
William Ho
Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Prasanta Kumar Dey
Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Wamei Lin
Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Jinliang Yuan
Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Bengt Sundén
Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Onder Ozgener
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Leyla Ozgener
Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
Elin Svensson
Heat and Power Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Thore Bernsson
Heat and Power Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
M. R. Hann
University of Southampton, UK
J. R. Chaplin
University of Southampton, UK
F. J. M. Farley
University of Southampton, UK
Mohamed H. Ismail
Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments Centre, University of Reading, United Kingdom \ Hereford Futures Limited, Hereford, United Kingdom
Felix Groba
German Institute of Economic Research, Berlin, Germany
Charlotte Hasager
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Jake Badger
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Ferhat Bingöl
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Niels-Erik Clausen
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Andrea Hahmann
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Ioanna Karagali
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Merete Badger
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Alfredo Peña
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Roskilde, Denmark
Kjell Eriksson
DNV Research & Innovation, Norway
Peter Friis-Hansen
DNV Research & Innovation, Norway
Download articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110571135Published in: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:1, p. 1135-1142
This paper presents the optimization of the consumption and production rates of a steam reforming plant using natural gas as raw material for generating hydrogen as principal product. Different strategies are applied to select the most adequate techniques and to obtain different configurations or alternatives for the process. The methodology used in this work includes both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The aim of this work is to apply various possible alternatives to control emissions and reduce energy inputs; according to the recommendations of the European IPPC Bureau and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The actions are oriented towards reducing the consumption of the plant by improving process heat recovery and improving energy integration. The results will be focused on the energy consumption analysis for the different alternatives; showing the best option to design the plant; maximizing production and optimizing energy use. This approach produces large amounts of hydrogen; decreases environmental impacts and increases economical profits.
[1] Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of industrial chemistry; Gas production; G; 2007; pp.91-259.
[2] Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of industrial chemistry; Hydrogen; H; 2007; pp. 827-959.
[3] A.C. Vosloo; Fischer–Tropsch: a futuristic view; Fuel Processing Technology 71; 2001; pp.149–155.
doi: 10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00143-6.
[4] D.J. Wilhelm; D.R. Simbeck; A.D. Karp; R.L. Dickenson; Syngas production for gas-toliquids applications: technologies; issues and outlook; Fuel Processing Technology 71; 2001; pp.139-148.
doi: 10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00140-0.
[5] T. Rostrup-Nielsen; Manufacture of hydrogen; Catalysis Today 106; 2005; pp. 293–296.
doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.149.
[6] J.I. Linares Hurtado; B.Y. Moratilla Soria; Hydrogen as an energetic vector (I/II) (in Spanish); 2007; available at https://www.icai.es/.
[7] I. Rafiqul; C. Weber; B. Lehmann; A. Voss; Energy efficiency improvements in ammonia production perspectives and uncertainties; Energy 30; 2005; pp. 2487-2504.
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.12.004.
[8] C. Koroneos; A. Dompros; G. Roumbas; N. Moussiopoulos; Life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel production processes; International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 29; 2004; pp. 1443-1450.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.01.016.
[9] European Commission; Council Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control; Official Journal of the European Communities L 257; 1995; pp. 26-40.
[10] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Reports of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project activities; available at http://cdm.unfccc.int/.
[11] A. A. Evers FAIR-PR; http://www.hydrogenambassadors.com/; (accessed 10/12/2010).
[12] Florida Solar Energy Center; Hydrogen basics; www.fsec.ucf.edu/; (accessed 10/12/2010).
[13] European Commision; European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB); http://eippcb.jrc.es/.
[14] J. Ruddock; T.D. Short; K. Brudenell; Energy integration in ammonia production. Sustainable World 7; 2003; pp. 267-276.
[15] The International Fertilizer Industry Association IFA; Fertilizer supply statistics; available from http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa.
[16] The International Fertilizer Industry Association. IFA; Fertilizers and Climate Change; available from http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa.
[17] R. Mendivil; U. Fischer; M. Hirao; K. Hungerbühler; A New LCA Methodology of Technology Evolution (TE-LCA) and its application to the production of ammonia (1950-2000); International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11 (2); 2006; pp. 98-105.
doi: 10.1065/lca2005.08.222.
[18] E. Worrell; K. Blok; Energy savings in the nitrogen fertilizer industry in the Netherlands. Energy 19 (2); 1994; pp. 195-202.
doi: 10.1016/0360-5442(94)90060-4.
[19] European Commission; Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals-Ammonia; Acids and Fertilisers; Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS); 2007; pp 35-94.
[20] European Commission; Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Energy Efficiency; Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS); 2008.
[21] European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association EFMA; Best Available Techniques for Pollution Prevention and Control in the European Fertilizer Industry; Production of ammonia; Booklet 1; 2000.
[22] U.S. EPA. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency); Department of Energy; A Consumer`s Guide to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Industry Plant Managers and Engineers; 2008; available at http://www.epa.gov/.
[23] U.S. Department of Energy-Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Industry plant Managers and Engineers: 20 Ways to Save Energy Now; 2008; available at http://www.eere.energy.gov/.