Recycling of Expired Ceftamil Drug as Additive in the Copper and Nickel Electrodeposition from Acid Baths
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrochemical Behavior of CZ
3.2. Inhibitory Effect of CZ on Copper and Nickel Electrodeposition
3.3. Morphological Characterization
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CZ Conc. (mol L−1) | t (°C) | 1 − α | io (A m−2) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 25 | 0.75 | 0.32 |
35 | 0.82 | 0.34 | |
45 | 0.88 | 0.36 | |
55 | 0.91 | 0.40 | |
10−6 | 25 | 0.73 | 0.29 |
35 | 0.78 | 0.30 | |
45 | 0.86 | 0.34 | |
55 | 0.89 | 0.38 | |
10−5 | 25 | 0.67 | 0.24 |
35 | 0.74 | 0.27 | |
45 | 0.82 | 0.31 | |
55 | 0.87 | 0.34 | |
10−4 | 25 | 0.64 | 0.17 |
35 | 0.75 | 0.22 | |
45 | 0.78 | 0.27 | |
55 | 0.83 | 0.29 | |
10−3 | 25 | 0.39 | 0.08 |
35 | 0.47 | 0.11 | |
45 | 0.53 | 0.16 | |
55 | 0.55 | 0.19 |
CZ Conc. (mol L−1) | t (°C) | 1 − α | io (A m−2) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 25 | 0.53 | 7.14·10−4 |
35 | 0.57 | 2.72·10−3 | |
45 | 0.61 | 1.37·10−2 | |
55 | 0.67 | 1.11·10−1 | |
65 | 0.74 | 4.60·10−1 | |
10−6 | 25 | 0.52 | 1.04·10−4 |
35 | 0.56 | 7.42·10−4 | |
45 | 0.60 | 5.87·10−3 | |
55 | 0.65 | 5.49·10−2 | |
65 | 0.69 | 2.15·10−1 | |
10−5 | 25 | 0.50 | 1.93·10−5 |
35 | 0.54 | 6.90·10−4 | |
45 | 0.58 | 5.44·10−3 | |
55 | 0.63 | 2.67·10−2 | |
65 | 0.67 | 1.92·10−1 | |
10−4 | 25 | 0.46 | 2.08·10−6 |
35 | 0.51 | 5.52·10−5 | |
45 | 0.57 | 1.01·10−3 | |
55 | 0.62 | 9.91·10−3 | |
65 | 0.65 | 1.10·10−1 | |
25 | 0.44 | 1.07·10−8 | |
35 | 0.49 | 1.84·10−7 | |
10−3 | 45 | 0.54 | 5.27·10−6 |
55 | 0.60 | 4.98·10−5 | |
65 | 0.63 | 9.20·10−4 |
CZ Conc. (mol L−1) | Cu/Cu2+ | Ni/Ni2+ |
---|---|---|
Ea (kJ mol−1) | ||
0 | 5.87 | 139 |
10−6 | 7.59 | 164 |
10−5 | 9.64 | 186 |
10−4 | 14.8 | 225 |
10−3 | 24.2 | 238 |
Process | E (V) | (kJ mol−1) |
---|---|---|
Nickel electrodeposition | −0.6 | −35.0 |
−0.7 | −35.3 | |
−0.8 | −36.6 | |
−0.9 | −38.0 | |
−1.0 | −38.9 | |
−1.1 | −39.7 | |
Copper electrodeposition | −0.05 | −37.1 |
−0.10 | −36.2 | |
−0.15 | −35.4 | |
−0.20 | −34.2 |
Copper deposition | Substrate | Cu |
Electrodeposition bath | 250 g L−1 CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 without/with 10−4 mol L−1 CZ | |
Current density | 100 A m−2 | |
Time | 15 min | |
Temperature | 25 °C | |
Nickel deposition | Substrate | Cu |
Electrodeposition bath | 300 g L−1 NiSO4·7H2O 45 g L−1 NiCl2·6H2O 30 g L−1 H3BO3 without/with 10−4 mol L−1 CZ | |
Current density | 200 A m−2 | |
Time | 10 min | |
Temperature | 25 °C |
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Duca, D.-A.; Dan, M.L.; Vaszilcsin, N. Recycling of Expired Ceftamil Drug as Additive in the Copper and Nickel Electrodeposition from Acid Baths. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189476
Duca D-A, Dan ML, Vaszilcsin N. Recycling of Expired Ceftamil Drug as Additive in the Copper and Nickel Electrodeposition from Acid Baths. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189476
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuca, Delia-Andrada, Mircea Laurențiu Dan, and Nicolae Vaszilcsin. 2021. "Recycling of Expired Ceftamil Drug as Additive in the Copper and Nickel Electrodeposition from Acid Baths" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189476