Silver-Protein Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Agents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Microorganisms
2.3. Extraction of Seed Proteins (FNP, MNP)
2.4. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE)
2.5. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
2.6. Synthesis of FNP and MNP Nanoparticles
2.7. Synthesis of Silver-Fenugreek Nanocomposite (Ag-FNP) or Silver-Mung-Bean Nanocomposite (Ag-MNP)
2.8. Characterization of Both AgNPs and Nanocomposites (Ag-FNP, Ag-MNP)
2.9. Antibacterial Activity of AgNPs, Protein Nanoparticles, and Ag-Protein Nanocomposite
2.10. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of Sensitive Bacteria in Response to the Proteins and Nanocomposites Used
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment/Pathogenic Bacteria | Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AgNPs | FNP | MNP | Ag-FNP | Ag-MNP | |
Gram-Negative Bacteria | |||||
K. pneumonia | 10.3 ± 0.3 j–o | 13.67 ± 0.6 h–l | 10.0 ± 0.7 j–o | 53.0 ± 0.4 b,c | 43.0 ± 0.5 d |
S. typhiurium | 12.0 ± 0.6 i–n | 15.3 ± 0.5 h–j | 21.0 ± 0.2 g | 53.0 ± 0.1 b,c | 53.0 ± 0.5 b,c |
E. coli | 14.0 ± 0.4 h–l | 5.67 ± 0.6 op | 9.0 ± 0.3 k–p | 43.0 ± 0.1 d | 50.0 ± 0.8 c |
P. aerugenosa | 14.67 ± 0.5 h–k | 9.0 ± 0.3 k–p | 6.3 ± 0.8 n–p | 40.0 ± 0.3 d,e | 31.0 ± 0.1 f |
P. mirabilis | 11.67 ± 0.2 i–n | 4.3 ± 0.7 p | 6.3 ± 0.1.1 n–p | 52.0 ± 0.3 b,c | 53.0 ± 0.6 b,c |
Gram-Positive Bacteria | |||||
S. pyogenes | 16.3 ± 0.3g–i | 7.3 ± 0.6 m–p | 11.67 ± 1.5 i–n | 31.0 ± 0.4 f | 31.0 ± 0.3 f |
S. aureus | 13.0 ± 0.6i–m | 10.3 ± 0.1 j–o | 12.0 ± 0.8 i–n | 66.0 ± 0.2 a | 68.0 ± 1.0 a |
L. monocytogenes | 18.67 ± 0.5 g,h | 11.3 ± 0.4 i–o | 8.67 ± 1.2 l–p | 35.3 ± 1.3 e,f | 31.0 ± 0.5 f |
Treatment/Pathogenic Bacteria | MIC (µg mL−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AgNPs | FNP | MNP | Ag-FNP | Ag-MNP | |
Gram-negative bacteria | |||||
K. pneumonia | 162 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 40 | 162 |
S. typhiurium | 162 | 5000 | 5000 | 20 | 40 |
E. coli | 162 | 625 | 5000 | 162 | 162 |
P. aerugenosa | 162 | 5000 | 5000 | 80 | 80 |
P. mirabilis | 162 | 1250 | 2500 | 80 | 80 |
Gram-positive bacteria | |||||
S. pyogenes | 325 | 5000 | 10,000 | 40 | 162 |
S. aureus | 325 | 5000 | 5000 | 10 | 20 |
L. monocytogenes | 325 | 2500 | 5000 | 162 | 325 |
Concentration (µg mL−1) | Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm) Against Sensitive Bacteria | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram-Negative | Gram-Positive | |||||||||||||||
K. pneumonia | S. typhimurium | E. coli | P. aerugenosa | P. mirabilis | S. pyogenes | S. aureus | L. monocytogenes | |||||||||
A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | |
1300 | 51 ± 2.5 a | 43 ± 1 c | 53 ± 2.5 a | 58 ± 2 a | 43 ± 2 b | 50 ± 1 b | 40 ± 1.73 b | 30 ± 3 d | 51 ± 0.5 a | 53 ± 2 b | 33 ± 2 b | 33 ± 2 b | 66 ± 4 a | 66 ± 4 a | 35 ± 5 b | 35 ± 5 b |
650 | 32 ± 2 c | 31 ± 1 c | 45 ± 5 a,b | 43 ± 1 b | 31 ± 2 c | 39 ± 4 a | 40 ± 2 b | 46 ± 4 a,b | 49 ± 2 a | 50 ± 5 a | 33 ± 2 b | 20 ± 2 a | 66 ± 4 a | 50 ± 5 b | 35 ± 5 b | 22 ± 3 c |
325 | 22 ± 2 c | 21 ± 1 b | 34 ± 1 b | 30 ± 3 c | 25 ± 5 c | 31 ± 2 c | 35 ± 2 b | 34 ± 1 b | 45 ± 2 a | 43 ± 2 a | 27 ± 2 b | 11 ± 2 b | 50 ± 2 a | 42 ± 3 b | 20 ± 2 b | 11 ± 1 c |
162 | 17 ± 3 c | 15 ± 1 c | 30 ± 2 b | 25 ± 2 b | 17 ± 1 c | 15 ± 1 c | 29 ± 2 b | 22 ± 2 b | 39 ± 3 a | 25 ± 2 b | 22 ± 3 a | 8 ± 1 a | 41 ± 3 a | 31 ± 1 a | 12 ± 1 b | 0 ± 0 b |
80 | 12 ± 3 c | 0 ± 0 b | 25 ± 2 a | 17 ± 2 a | 0 ± 0 d | 0 ± 0 b | 25 ± 1 a | 15 ± 3 a | 21 ± 2 b | 16 ± 1 a | 15 ± 1 a | 0 ± 0 b | 30 ± 1 a | 25 ± 5 a | 0 ± 0 c | 0 ± 0 b |
40 | 9 ± 1 c | 0 ± 0 b | 15 ± 2 b | 12 ± 1 b | 0 ± 0 d | 0 ± 0 b | 20 ± 2 a | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 d | 0 ± 0 b | 9 ± 1 a | 0 ± 0 b | 21 ± 2 a | 19 ± 3 a | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b |
20 | 0 ± 0 c | 0 ± 0 b | 9 ± 2 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 c | 0 ± 0 b | 16 ± 1 a | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 c | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 13 ± 2 a | 11 ± 3 a | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b |
10 | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 9 ± 2 a | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b |
5 | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 0 ± 0 b | 1 ± 0 b |
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Sitohy, M.; Al-Mohammadi, A.-R.; Osman, A.; Abdel-Shafi, S.; El-Gazzar, N.; Hamdi, S.; Ismail, S.H.; Enan, G. Silver-Protein Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Agents. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113006
Sitohy M, Al-Mohammadi A-R, Osman A, Abdel-Shafi S, El-Gazzar N, Hamdi S, Ismail SH, Enan G. Silver-Protein Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Agents. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(11):3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113006
Chicago/Turabian StyleSitohy, Mahmoud, Abdul-Raouf Al-Mohammadi, Ali Osman, Seham Abdel-Shafi, Nashwa El-Gazzar, Sara Hamdi, Sameh H. Ismail, and Gamal Enan. 2021. "Silver-Protein Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Agents" Nanomaterials 11, no. 11: 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113006