Asynclitism and Its Ultrasonographic Rediscovery in Labor Room to Date: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Digital Examination versus Intrapartum Ultrasound
3. Asynclitism: A New Old Entity
4. Operative Vaginal Delivery: Forceps and Vacuum
4.1. Labor Analgesia
4.2. US in the First Stage of Labor
4.3. US in the Second Stage of Labor
4.4. Complications
5. Expert Opinion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Papers ID | YR | Type of Articles | N° | DE (Yes/No) | IPU (Yes/No) | US Signs | Relevant/p-Value Positive Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bofill et al. [4] | 1996 | RCT | - | yes | no | - | M-cup VE vs. FP (+fast, −episio/lacerations, +cephalhematomas) |
Bofill et al. [5] | 1997 | RCT | - | yes | no | - | VE and cephalhematomas (+asynclitism degree, +VE delivery time) |
Buchmann et al. [6] | 2008 | PS | - | yes | yes (TA) | - | Predictors of CPD (sagittal suture overlap, cervical dilatation, level of head, caput succedaneum, active labor duration, birth weight) |
Sherer et al. [7] | 2002 | RCT | - | yes | yes (TA) | Occiput position Intracranial midline | TA-IPU vs. DE alone (+accurate) |
Hanson [8] | 2009 | Review | 18 | - | - | - | - |
Akmal et al. [9] | 2009 | Review | 9 | yes | yes (TA) | Squint sign Angle of tilt | - |
Malvasi et al. [1] | 2010 | Letter to Editor | 5 | yes | yes (TA) | Squint sign Angle of tilt | - |
Barber et al. [10] | 2010 | Review | 40 | yes | yes (TA) | Angle of progression | - |
Malvasi et al. [11] | 2011 | RCT | - | yes | yes (TA) | Squint sign Sunset thalamus Cerebellum signs | - |
Malvasi et al. [12] | 2012 | RCT | - | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Occiput position Intracranial midline | IPU vs. DE (+accurate in TP and TP + ASC) |
Ghi et al. [2] | 2012 | Case report | - | yes | yes (TA, 3D) | Intracranial midline Angle of tilt | - |
Malvasi et al. [3] | 2014 | Review | 33 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | - | - |
Vlasiuk et al. [13] | 2014 | Retrospective study | - | yes | - | - | Degree of ASC correlates with degree of birth trauma of the skull |
Vlasyuk et al. [14] | 2014 | Retrospective study | - | yes | - | - | Degree of ASC correlates with degree of birth trauma of the brain |
Ghi et al. [15] | 2015 | Case series (n°5) | - | yes | yes (TA, TL) | TA axial view (chest + 4cw + profile) | Lateral ASC (+dystocic labor, +arrest dialatation/>4 h + urgent CS) |
Malvasi et al. [16] | 2015 | Letter to Editor | 12 | - | yes (TL, 3D) | Squint sign ant/post/lateral (left or right) | - |
Malvasi et al. [17] | 2015 | Letter to Editor | 5 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Asymmetrical profile | - |
Malvasi et al. [18] | 2016 | Letter to Editor | 5 | yes | yes (TA) | Transverse view visible: Orbit + nose only orbit | - |
Malvasi et al. [19] | 2016 | Review | 30 | Yes | yes (TA, TL) | Head assessment, Occiput position, AoP, HPD, HD, HR, PAA, OSA, ASC signs (squint sign thalamus/cerebellum sunset), midline shift. | - |
Malvasi et al. [20] | 2016 | PS | - | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Head assessment, ASC signs | Smartphone as low-cost, reliable legal proof in labor dystocia |
Bellussi et al. [21] | 2017 | Review | 69 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | OSA, ASC signs, midline shift | - |
Ghi et al. [22] | 2017 | Case Reports | - | yes | yes (TL) | Perpendicular skull section | IPU-TL vs. DE (+accurate in posterior ASC) |
Malvasi et al. [23] | 2017 | Letter to Editor | 15 | yes | yes TA, TL | Head assessment, ASC signs | IPU vs. DE (+accurate diagnosis in POPP + ASC, +safe manual rotations) |
Malvasi et al. [24] | 2018 | Letter to Editor | 5 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | ASC signs, midline shift | - |
Beck et al. [25] | 2019 | Review | 52 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Head assessment ASC signs | IPU (earlier diagnosis of labor dystocia, −useless NLA in dystocic labor) |
Malvasi et al. [26] | 2020 | PS | - | yes | yes (TA, TL) | AoP, PAA, CS | IPU predicts the type of delivery |
Hinkson et al. [27] | 2021 | PS | - | yes | yes (TA) | Occiput position, Intracranial midline direction | IPU allows easier and safer forceps application in all cases studied |
Habek et al. [28] | 2021 | Case Report | - | yes | - | - | - |
Gimovsky [29] | 2021 | Review | 52 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Head assessment ASC signs | IPU aids in decision making |
Hung et al. [30] | 2021 | PS | - | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Occiput position, Intracranial midline direction, HPD | ASC (prevalence 15%, +BMI, +in non occiput anterior, >HPD at pushing, +VE) |
Chan et al. [31] | 2021 | Review | 61 | yes | yes (TA, TL) | Occiput position, HD, AoP, HPD, δ-HPD | Algorithm (IPU correlation with management) |
Vlasyuk et al. [32] | 2022 | Review | 37 | Yes | yes (TA, TL) | Head assessments, ASC signs | ASC degree (+trauma, typically one side) |
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Malvasi, A.; Vinciguerra, M.; Lamanna, B.; Cascardi, E.; Damiani, G.R.; Muzzupapa, G.; Kosmas, I.; Beck, R.; Falagario, M.; Vimercati, A.; et al. Asynclitism and Its Ultrasonographic Rediscovery in Labor Room to Date: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122998
Malvasi A, Vinciguerra M, Lamanna B, Cascardi E, Damiani GR, Muzzupapa G, Kosmas I, Beck R, Falagario M, Vimercati A, et al. Asynclitism and Its Ultrasonographic Rediscovery in Labor Room to Date: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122998
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalvasi, Antonio, Marina Vinciguerra, Bruno Lamanna, Eliano Cascardi, Gianluca Raffaello Damiani, Giuseppe Muzzupapa, Ioannis Kosmas, Renata Beck, Maddalena Falagario, Antonella Vimercati, and et al. 2022. "Asynclitism and Its Ultrasonographic Rediscovery in Labor Room to Date: A Systematic Review" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122998