The Role of School Social Support and School Social Climate in Dating Violence Victimization Prevention among Adolescents in Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Predicted Variables
2.3.2. Predictor Variables
Student Social Support Scale (CASSS)
School Social Climate Questionnaire (CECSCE)
2.3.3. Covariates
2.3.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis of the Sample
3.2. Prevalence of Dating Violence
3.3. School Social Support and School Social Climate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | |
Sex | ||
Girls | 551 | 56.5 |
Boys | 424 | 43.5 |
Age | ||
≤13 years | 310 | 31.22 |
14–15 years | 468 | 47.13 |
>15 years | 215 | 21.65 |
Country | ||
Italy | 202 | 20.34 |
Poland | 108 | 10.88 |
Portugal | 179 | 18.03 |
Romania | 190 | 19.13 |
Spain | 184 | 18.53 |
United Kingdom | 130 | 13.09 |
Father’s employ | ||
No paid work (homemaker, unemployed, pensioner, student) | 98 | 10.6 |
Paid work/freelance | 826 | 89.4 |
Mean | SD | |
Age | 14.3 | 1.5 |
CECSCE | 27.5 | 6.04 |
CASSS teacher | 49.8 | 12.95 |
CASSS classmates | 48.5 | 12.8 |
Dating Violence | Total | Girls | Boys | Effect Size (Cramer’s V) | p-Value * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 993 | n = 551 | n = 424 | ||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Physical | 87 | 8.8 | 51 | 9.3 | 31 | 7.3 | 0.116 | 0.278 |
Sexual | 92 | 9.3 | 60 | 10.9 | 26 | 6.1 | 0.271 | 0.009 |
Control | 229 | 23.1 | 138 | 25.1 | 83 | 19.6 | 0.134 | 0.043 |
Fear | 78 | 7.9 | 45 | 8.2 | 23 | 5.4 | 0.189 | 0.096 |
Dating Violence | CECSCE | CASSS Teacher | CASSS Classmates |
---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Physical | |||
Yes | 25.0 (6.6) | 44.8 (13.7) | 45.5 (12.9) |
No | 27.7 (5.9) | 50.3 (12.8) | 48.8 (12.8) |
p-value * | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.020 |
ES | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.26 |
Sexual | |||
Yes | 25.0 (6.2) | 44.3 (13.0) | 43.4 (14.1) |
No | 27.7 (6.0) | 50.4 (12.8) | 49.0 (12.6) |
p-value * | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
ES | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.42 |
Control | |||
Yes | 26.6 (6.1) | 46.1 (12.9) | 45.6 (12.2) |
No | 27.8 (6.0) | 51.0 (12.8) | 49.4 (12.8) |
p-value * | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
ES | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.30 |
Fear | |||
Yes | 24.7 (6.3) | 43.5 (14.0) | 40.8 (13.6) |
No | 27.7 (6.0) | 50.4 (12.7) | 49.2 (12.5) |
p-value * | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
ES | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.64 |
Crude | Adjusted * | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR | CI 95% | p-Value | PR | CI 95% | p-Value | |||
Physical and/or sexual | ||||||||
CECSCE | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.008 |
CASSS teacher | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.98 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.132 |
CASSS classmates | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.158 |
Control | ||||||||
CECSCE | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.724 |
CASSS teacher | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.173 |
CASSS classmates | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.449 |
Fear | ||||||||
CECSCE | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 0.165 |
CASSS teacher | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.98 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.740 |
CASSS classmates | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.034 |
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Jankowiak, B.; Jaskulska, S.; Sanz-Barbero, B.; Ayala, A.; Pyżalski, J.; Bowes, N.; De Claire, K.; Neves, S.; Topa, J.; Rodríguez-Blázquez, C.; et al. The Role of School Social Support and School Social Climate in Dating Violence Victimization Prevention among Adolescents in Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238935
Jankowiak B, Jaskulska S, Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Pyżalski J, Bowes N, De Claire K, Neves S, Topa J, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, et al. The Role of School Social Support and School Social Climate in Dating Violence Victimization Prevention among Adolescents in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238935
Chicago/Turabian StyleJankowiak, Barbara, Sylwia Jaskulska, Belén Sanz-Barbero, Alba Ayala, Jacek Pyżalski, Nicola Bowes, Karen De Claire, Sofia Neves, Joana Topa, Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez, and et al. 2020. "The Role of School Social Support and School Social Climate in Dating Violence Victimization Prevention among Adolescents in Europe" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238935