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Couverture fascicule

Sur la comparaison des systèmes de villes : la distribution des fonctions urbaines entre Milan et Zurich

[article]

Année 1994 23-3 pp. 231-249
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Page 231

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Sur la comparaison des systèmes de villes :

la distribution des fonctions urbaines

entre Milan et Zurich

Gian Paolo Torricelli

Istituto di Ricerche Economiche, Bellinzona

Résumé. — Cet article propose de comparer la distribution des activités et des fonctions urbaines en Suisse et en Italie du Nord, grâce à une méthode qui comporte une analyse des emplois du secteur tertiaire. Le développement urbain au sud des Alpes centrales, au Tessin et en Lombardie septentrionale semble avoir des similitudes: fort taux de croissance de la population, évolution et diffusion du domaine bâti en dehors des centres, au point de remettre en cause le concept traditionnel de la ville. On peut montrer que ce développement est tributaire de deux logiques bien différenciées. Si l'évolution urbaine tessinoise s'est faite «grâce à la frontière», celle des provinces voisines s'est effectuée «grâce» à Milan et à son aire métropolitaine. Ainsi la distribution des fonctions urbaines et des activités de service apparaît-elle fortement différenciée de part et d'autre de la frontière. Cela a des conséquences sur les rapports entre les villes voisines de Côme, Varèse et Lugano, mais aussi sur le statut même de la ville en cette région frontalière.

FONCTIONS URBAINES, FRONTIÈRE, ITALIE, SUISSE, SYSTÈME URBAIN, VILLE

Abstract. — Comparing urban systems: the distribution of urban functions between Milan and Zurich. — The paper suggests to compare the distribution of the activities and urban functions in Switzerland and Northern Italy, with a third sector (services) spatial analysis. The urban development on the

southern side of the central Alps, on the border between Ticino (Switzerland) and northern Lombardy (Italy), seems to be very similar: high growth rate of population, and spreading-out of the city. We can demonstrate that this development is dependent on two different logics of location of the urban functions: «poly centric» in Switzerland and «metropolitan» in Northern Italy. If the urban growth, in Southern Switzerland, is an effect of his border position, in Italy this is a process of metropolitan déconcentration (of Milan). Hence, the patterns of service's activities are very different on the two sides of the borderline. This has not only important consequencies for the relationships between the neighbouring towns of Lugano (Switzerland), Varese and Como (Italy), but also to the notion of city in this border region.

BORDER, CITY GROWTH, ITALY, SWITZERLAND, URBAN FUNCTIONS, URBAN SYSTEM

Riassunto. — Sul confronto tra sistemi di città: la distri- buzione delle funzioni urbane tra Milano e Zurigo. —

L'articolo propone un confronto della distribuzione delle attività e delle funzioni urbane in Svizzera e in Italia settentrionale, attraverso un metodo che implica una analisi dei posti di lavoro nel settore dei servizi. Lo sviluppo urbano récente a sud delle Alpi centrali, tra il cantone Ticino e la Lombardia settentrionale, sembra avere delle similitudini: tasso di crescita della popolazione résidente relativamente

Gian Paolo Torricelli

Gian Paolo Torricelli

Istituto di Ricerche Economiche, Bellinzona

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