본 연구는 주택소유구조에 따른 주택협동조합의 유형을 정리하고, 각 유형별 주택구입에 필요한 자금을 조달한 주택협동조합의 자금조달실태를 분석하였다. 주택소유자에 따라 조합소유형, 개인소유형, 임대관리형 주택협동조합으로 구분할 수 있다. 각 유형별 주택구입을 위한 자금조달방법을 분석한 결과, 조합소유형과 임대관리형에서 조합원의 출자금보다 타인자본의 차입의존도가 높았으며, 금융기관의 대출이 아닌 사회투자기금의 의존도가높게 나타났다. 둘째, 조합소유형에서 조합원의 출자금과 임대보증금은 구조적 한계를 지니고 있다. 셋째, 개인소유형에서 금융기관의 대출이 가능하나 주택건설 기간 동안 자금조달의 한계를 지니고있었다. 마지막으로 임대관리형에서 사회투자기금의 의존도가 높았으나 펀딩을 통한 자금조달에는 성공한 것으로 나타났다.
이를 기초로 자금조달측면에서 주택협동조합 활성화를 위한 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 주택협동조합이 주택구입에 사용할 수 있는 자금을 신협 등의 상호금융기관의 금융지원을 통하여 장기 저리로 마련할 수 있도록 제도적 개선이 필요하다. 이와 함께 타인자본보다는 자기자본인 출자금 또는 임대보증금의 비율을 높일 필요가 있으나, 조합원이 지불하는 임대보증금과 출자금에 대한 적정비율을 확정할 필요가 있다. 개인소유형에서 주택을 건설하는 동안 건설자금을 조달할 수 있는 제도적기반이 마련되어야 한다.
The purpose of this study is to analyze types of housing cooperatives according to housing ownership structure. The financing situation of the housing cooperative that procured funds for the purchase of each type of housing was analyzed in this study. Depending on the homeowner, the type of housing can be classified as a private, cooperative, leased management cooperative. The results of this study show that the dependency on other capital is higher than the contribution of cooperative members in cooperative and lease-managed cooperative housing types. These projects are also more dependent on social investment funds than on financial institutions. Second, the contribution of cooperative members and lease deposits have structural limitations for cooperative-type housing. Third, it is possible to secure a loan from financial institutions for private housing, but this has the limit to financing during the housing onstruction period. Finally, it was found that lease-managed housing was highly dependent on social investment funds but funded through crowdfunding. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to make institutional improvements so that housing ooperatives are able to use money from credit institutions for long periods of time. In ddition, it requires to increase the amount of capital raised or the lease deposit, which is self-capital, rather than securing other capital. it requires to determine the appropriate ratio of lease deposit and contribution paid by cooperative members. The institutional basis for procuring construction funds should be provided during construction in the private sector.
The purpose of this study is to analyze types of housing cooperatives according to housing ownership structure. The financing situation of the housing cooperative that procured funds for the purchase of each type of housing was analyzed in this study. Depending on the homeowner, the type of housing can be classified as a private, cooperative, leased management cooperative. The results of this study show that the dependency on other capital is higher than the contribution of cooperative members in cooperative and lease-managed cooperative housing types. These projects are also more dependent on social investment funds than on financial institutions. Second, the contribution of cooperative members and lease deposits have structural limitations for cooperative-type housing. Third, it is possible to secure a loan from financial institutions for private housing, but this has the limit to financing during the housing onstruction period. Finally, it was found that lease-managed housing was highly dependent on social investment funds but funded through crowdfunding. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to make institutional improvements so that housing ooperatives are able to use money from credit institutions for long periods of time. In ddition, it requires to increase the amount of capital raised or the lease deposit, which is self-capital, rather than securing other capital. it requires to determine the appropriate ratio of lease deposit and contribution paid by cooperative members. The institutional basis for procuring construction funds should be provided during construction in the private sector.
