Abstract
Abstract—Hardware security is considered a major design and
manufacturing target area with a broad range of research and development
topics such as protection of intellectual property (IP), metering of
hardware, detection of hardware Trojans, and a lot of other topics. This
paper discusses Trojan realization in integrated circuits (ICs), as well
as the possible security measures, also exploring the usage of the 3-D
integration in hardware security where additional hardware can be
mounted after fabrication to foster secure execution just for those
systems which need it.