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Trait positive affect is associated with hippocampal volume and change in caudate volume across adolescence

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Abstract

Trait positive affect (PA) in childhood confers both risk and resilience to psychological and behavioral difficulties in adolescence, although explanations for this association are lacking. Neurodevelopment in key areas associated with positive affect is ongoing throughout adolescence, and is likely to be related to the increased incidence of disorders of positive affect during this period of development. The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationship between trait indices of PA and brain development in subcortical reward regions during early to mid-adolescence in a community sample of adolescents. A total of 89 (46 male, 43 female) adolescents participated in magnetic resonance imaging assessments during both early and mid-adolescence (mean age at baseline = 12.6 years, SD = 0.45; mean follow-up period = 3.78 years, SD = 0.21) and also completed self-report measures of trait positive and negative affect (at baseline). To examine the specificity of these effects, the relation between negative affect and brain development was also examined. The degree of volume reduction in the right caudate over time was predicted by PA. Independent of time, larger hippocampal volumes were associated with higher PA, and negative affect was associated with smaller left amygdala volume. The moderating effect of negative affect on the development of the left caudate varied as a function of lifetime psychiatric history. These findings suggest that early to mid-adolescence is an important period whereby neurodevelopmental processes may underlie key phenotypes conferring both risk and resilience for emotional and behavioral difficulties later in life.

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Author note

This work was in part presented at the Society for Research in Adolescence (SRA) 13th Biennial Conference, Vancouver, Canada, March 8–10, 2012. No authors report competing interests. This research was supported by grants from the Colonial Foundation, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; Australia; Program Grant No. 350241), and the Australian Research Council (Discovery Grant No. DP0878136). S.W. is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (ID: 1007716). M.D. was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award. M.Y. is supported by an NHMRC Fellowship (ID: 1021973). Our neuroimaging analysis was facilitated by the Neuropsychiatry Imaging Laboratory at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre. The authors thank the Brain Research Institute and Royal Children’s Hospital for support in acquiring the neuroimaging data, as well as the families who participated in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia

    Meg Dennison, Michelle L. Byrne, Orli Schwartz, Julian G. Simmons & Nicholas B. Allen

  2. Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Sarah Whittle & Murat Yücel

  3. Orygen Youth Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Sarah Whittle & Nicholas B. Allen

  4. Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience (MCIN) Laboratory, Monash Biomedical Imaging and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Murat Yücel

  5. Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA

    Nicholas B. Allen

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  1. Meg Dennison
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Correspondence to Nicholas B. Allen.

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Dennison, M., Whittle, S., Yücel, M. et al. Trait positive affect is associated with hippocampal volume and change in caudate volume across adolescence. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 15, 80–94 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0319-2

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